On the Validity of the Mass of Paul VI
Copyright - 1994 by Ed Faulk
Our first area of examination will be the Mass
Key objections to changes to the Mass seem to fall in the following areas:
- CHANGES TO THE WORDS OF INSTITUTION <<<<<<<< (F.J.L.)
- Vatican II had no authority to change the Mass
- The ‘Protestantization’ of the Mass
Changes to the Words of Institution
The next area of concern to the ‘traditionalists’ is ‘changing the words of institution’.
If we look at the Tridentine Mass we find that the words of consecration are as follows:
Hoc est enim Corpus meum
For this is my Body
Hic est enim Calix Sanguinis mei, novi et aeterni testamenti: mysterium fidei: qui pro vobis et pro multis effundetur in remissionem peccatorum
For this is the Chalice of my Blood of the new and eternal covenant: the mystery of faith: which shall be shed for you and for many unto the forgiveness of sins
We are told that we cannot tamper with these words because they are the ‘form’ of the Sacrament.
Yet, one asks, where did these words come from?
If we look at Scripture we find that the words of institution are listed in Matthew, Mark, Luke, and 1 Corinthians.
Let us look at the words we find in these various books:
- Matthew 26:26-28
- hoc est corpus meum
- This is my Body
- Hic est enim sanguis meus novi testamenti, qui pro multis effundetur in remissionem peccatorum
- This is my Blood of the new covenant, it will be shed for many for the forgiveness of sins
- Mark 14:22-24
- hoc est corpus meum this is my Body
- Hic est sanguis meus novi testamenti, qui pro multis effundetur.
- This is my Blood of the new covenant, it will be shed for many.
- Luke 22:19-20
- Hoc est corpus meum
- This is my Body
- Hic est calix novum testamentum in sanguine meo, qui pro vobis fundetur.
- This cup is the new covenant in my Blood, it will be shed for you.
- 1 Corinthians 11:23-25
- hoc est corpus meum
- this is my Body
- Hic calix novum testamentum est in meo sanguine
- This cup is the new covenant in my Blood
As you can see, the words in Scripture are different from those found in the Tridentine Rite.
How, then, can they say that the Pauline Rite (Mass of Paul VI) ‘changes’ the words of institution?
However, their big objection is not so much the change of all the words, as the specific change of ‘for many’ (pro multis) to ‘for all’.
How is this change justified?
In the Greek, the word that is used is polus (polus) which means ‘many, much, large’.
How then is the change justified?
To answer that we need to look at what Jesus was about to undergo.
Did Jesus die on the cross only for the elect, or did he die for all?
According to Trent, Jesus died ‘for our sins, and not only for our sins only, but also for those of the whole world’.
In fact, Trent cites II Corinthians 5:15 which says that Jesus died for all.
Trent further acknowledges that not all will receive the benefits of his death.
Yet, if Jesus died for all, then his Blood was shed for all.
Thus, the Tridentine formula, ‘pro multis effundetur’ reflects the results but not the intent.
The Vatican II formulation (‘for all’) reflects the intent as opposed to the results. That is, Jesus died for all, but not all accept the benefits of his death.
We now come to the crux of the matter.
What are the essential words, the form of the Sacrament of the Eucharist?
St. Justin Martyr says the words that effect the change of bread and wine into the Body and Blood of Jesus are ‘This is my Body’ and ‘This is my Blood’.
St. John Chrysostom refers to the bread (‘This is my Body’) but does not refer to the consecration of the wine.
St. Ambrose of Milan follows the lead of St. Justin Martyr.
Other Fathers of the Church considered the epiclesis as the form (St. Irenaeus, St. Cyril of Jerusalem) while still others refer to the Prayer of blessing or what we would call the Eucharistic Prayer.
In the anaphora, an early Eucharistic Prayer from The Apostolic Tradition, we find the first recorded Eucharistic Prayer.
The words of institution used there are ‘This is my Body’ and ‘This is my Blood which is poured out for you’.
Now, assuming that the Eucharist was validly confected by these earlier Masses, we must reduce the ‘form’ to the words that are found in common.
Thus, the ‘form’ of the Eucharist must be ‘This is my Body’ and ‘This is my Blood’.
As long as these words are said, assuming proper intention and that the one saying them is a validly ordained Priest, the confection of the Eucharist takes place.