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One does not have to go that far (Eastern Rites). The Apostles, and a significant number of early converts, were all Jews. What went on in daily Jewish life? Liturgical Sacrifice - daily - at the temple. Tamid - perpetual daily sacrifice - was offered twice a day in the temple. One lamb in the morning; a second lamb in the evening. With the first lamb, a tenth measure of fine flour mingled with a fourth of a hin of beaten oil, and fourth of a hin of wine for a libation (libation - a sacrificial pouring out of the wine on the altar of the temple). And the evening lamb was offered with a bread-offering and its libation (hint- the Eucharist, from the Last Supper, which was another Jewish liturgical feast). Minchah, sometimes translated as “cereal offering” is better a grain offering, usually consisting of unleavened cakes of bread that would be anointed with oil in the shape of a cross (ever see this on a Host?).According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, the concept of the Sacrifice of the Mass didn’t come to play until the 6th century (sort of).
newadvent.org/cathen/10006a.htm
But it seems just from reading the text of the Roman Canon, the sacrificial aspect had to come earlier than that. The meal aspect we know goes back to the Last Supper.
I’m thinking too we might find some clues in the Eastern Rites.
So we go from the unblemished lamb sacrificed in the temple to the Lamb of God. Hardly a 6th century wake up or invention. We ha;e the Jewish bread and wine offered daily; and we have the Last Supper/Passover Feast. All liturgical, all revolving around sacrifice.
By the time of Christ, the altar was 12 feet high and 20 feet in diameter. From the Mishna, one priest would have to carry a long wooden beam on his shoulders up the ramp to the top, for the fire on the altar of sacrifice. Seen that before? Try Isaac carrying his load of wood; and try Christ, carrying the cross to the sacrifice. The Apostles got it.
The people gathered at the temple for the sacrifice would pray the Shema, and then the 18 benedictions.
The first sacrifice was at the 3rd hour - 9 am, the time of crucifixion; the second was at the 9th hour - 3 pm, the time of death of Christ. Right out of Mark. Why the time specific? Because he got it - he was steeped in Jewish liturgy, and it was as palin as the hand in front of his face how Christ paralleled the Jewish liturgy, and brought it to perfection.
From the 18 benedictions:
- Blessed are You, Lord our God and God of our fathers…who bestows abundant grace and creates all things an remembers the promise of grace to the fathers and brings a Redeemer to their children’s children for your Name’s sake out of love.
- Heal us, O Lord, and we shall be healed; save us, and we shall be saved… Blessed are you Lord, who heals the sick of your people Israel.
- Restore our judges as in former times and our counselors as in the beginning… and reign over us, you Lord alone, in grace and mercy, and justify us in judgment. (How many judges were there in Jewish hisotry? Hint - 12).
And you think the concept of sacrifice was lost on the apostles? Not.
The Passover was a special liturgical feast. Remember Christ said he would not drink again? This was the fourth cup, which He did not drink. When did he drink it? on the cross, when wine was offered to Him at the end before He died. You think they did not get that? You think they did not tie in the extension of the Passover final cup and His death, that they did not understand the sacrifice which the Eucharist was and is? They got it.
New Advent didn’t.