Matthew 25:46 says “And these will go away into eternal punishment, but the righteous into eternal life”. Nobody would argue what eternal life means, right? Well, that same word, aeonian, is used in reference to Hell, which is eternal punishment. The exact same greek word is used to describe both places. So if you’re going to say that eternal punishment is not eternal, then neither is eternal life.
And this is where we discover, yet again, that some of our core perceptions of the Bible are the result of outdated Greek translations.
The word punishment used here is iskolasis, which can also be translated as “correction”. It speaks to the idea of corrective punishment.
The word eternal used here is aiōnios, and like Gehenna, it has been completely mistranslated throughout the New Testament. As NT Greek teacher Richard Liantonio explains, aiōnios actually refers to to the length of an Age or “from age to age”. In Greek, an Age could refer to a generation, lifetime, or a longer, finite length of time. It’s where we get our word “eon”. It also correlates with the Hebrew word Yom, which denotes anything from a 24-hour period to an epoch season.
What this means is that any time we see the term “eternal life” in the New Testament, it should actually be translated as “life of the Age”.
Think about that for a second. That’s a pretty big deal.
Among other important things, it means that this phrase “eternal punishment” could more accurately be viewed as “correction for the length of the Age“.
This paints a VERY different picture than the one we are used to, but when we dig a bit deeper, we find it to be far more congruent with scripture than our old paradigm.
There is a profound difference between restorative punishment and retributive punishment. In the Western world, we operate based on retributive justice. You committed a felony? You are punished by going to jail. You murdered someone? You are put to death or sent to jail for life. These punishments are not distributed with a positive outcome in mind. They are not intended to rehabilitate or restore. They are society’s retribution upon the wrong-doer, intended solely to punish and perhaps discourage others from wrongdoing for fear of punishment.
Since non-restorative punishment is our idea of justice, it’s no surprise we project it onto God.
But this is NOT the God we see in the Bible. God’s heart is ALWAYS to restore. We see this time and time and time again throughout His dealings with Israel.
Even if we take a traditionalist view of Israel’s calamities as the active hand of God punishing His people, we still see a God longing to bring His people back to Himself. We see Jesus lamenting that Jerusalem so often denied His protection.
Jerusalem, Jerusalem, you who kill the prophets and stone those sent to you, how often I have longed to gather your children together, as a hen gathers her chicks under her wings, and you were not willing.
The God of Israel always punished to restore, and that’s what we see in an accurate translation of Matthew 25:46 – not “eternal punishment” but “correction for the length of an age”.