If an association is recognized as either public or private and its constitutions are approved by the local bishop, their vows are valid. It is up to the canonical authority (in this case the bishop) to determine if the vows are public or private. Usually, when an association of this kind is recognized as a public association, the vows are public. As I said, it’s up to the canonical authority to decide this. In either case, the vows are binding. Public and private is used to determine who dispenses them. Public vows can only be dispensed by the local bishop, if the community is of diocesan right and private vows may be dispensed by the confessor. A community of pontifical right goes to the Holy See for its dispensation. A public association is the second step to become a congregation or order. Bishops do have the authority to erect monasteries within their jurisdiction. An association can be monastic.
As to their building and the vow of poverty, the argument against it is a non-issue as far as the Catholic Church is concerned. Monastic communities are allowed to own as much property as they can afford and to build whatever they can afford. The vow of poverty means that the individuals are not owners. The community is the owner. This traces its origins back to the two fathers of Catholic monasticism: Benedict and Basil. Look at the great houses built by the Benedictine and Basilian orders. Monte Casino, Chartreuse, and Citeaux are castles. If one visits many Benedictine houses in this country, one will find that they are like little fortresses. Other enclosed communities are small self-contained villages where they even rent land to the local people. This is how the monks support themselves.
It was never the intention of Benedict and Basil that the monks should be poor. That is a Franciscan introduction to the religious life. St. Francis introduced the concept of austere corporate poverty in 1209. It is only binding on his order, not on other religious families. Even there, it was not binding on the Poor Clares. The Church considers corporate poverty a privilege that she allows to a few religious communities. Those that follow the monastic tradition are not bound by it as a community. Austerity is practiced individually.
Monastics can live in very large buildings, such as the one proposed by the Carmelite monks, while at the same time, their personal quarters are Spartan. A good example of this are the Carthusians, Cistercians, Trappists and Conventual Franciscans. Their houses are designed to proclaim the presence of the City of God among men. Obviously, they will stand out and they should stand out. That’s the purpose for building them, to remind men of the Kingdom of God.
These buildings also serve practical purposes. They are places of study. They have large libraries and study halls. They produce in order to support the monks; therefore, they have workshops or even factories on the compound. Finally, they are centers of Catholic culture. They often have large churches containing all kinds of sacred art forms. Examine the Shrine of the Blessed Sacrament built by Mother Angelica and the Poor Clares of Perpetual Adoration. The place is both a center of worship and a museum. It’s supposed to proclaim the Glory of God.
Fraternally,
Br. JR, OSF
