Some of the secular Halloween traditions have a Christian aspect to them, such as the story behind the Jack O’ Lantern, which is a good moral one. Yes, the origins of Halloween sprang from the Celtic new year celebration of pagan times, but the term Halloween is Christian: All Hallows Eve. For details on the Christian side of Halloween please visit:
americancatholic.org/Features/Halloween/
I would even go so far as to suggest that nothing is really known about the Irish pagan celebration of Samhain… beyond the lighting of a bonfire upon the Hill of Tlachtgha in County Munster, Ireland.
Most of what is said to be the celebration of Celtic New Year, is based on a consensus of information from what is known about the Celts and other pagan European new year celebrations. It’s mostly speculation, and recent archaeological and historical data suggests that the Celtic tribes were very diverse in their beliefs and customs. What holds true for Ireland, does not hold true for Britain or Gaul (modern day France). One need also remember that some people have applied the same logic to Christmas (our Christian New Year… beginning of the church calender) being a Roman pagan celebration.
A lot of the explanations (accusations), for a pagan origin for All Hallows Eve, have their basis in the time of Elizabethan England. Queen Elizabeth had a hatred of All Hallows Eve, and even went so far as to ban the ringing of Church bells because it kept her awake that night. All Hallows Eve was labeled papist, and much of the accusations of pagan practices were made against Catholic beliefs associated with All Souls and All Saints day. There was an attempt to purge these practices, along with those from other Catholic Holy Days, from the British consciousness. Outlawing these practices allowed them to decline as they became secularized and severed from Catholic tradition. Claims of pagan origins contributed to this decline, because the vigil night became associated with the concept of evil. To be sure, there is a distinct difference between the original Catholic Halloween and the secular Halloween that exists today.
People might be surprised that giving treats on Halloween did not originate from offerings made to pagan Celtic gods. It originated with the practice of giving alms to the poor of the community. Faithful Catholics would lay a table in remembrance of the souls in purgatory, and poor members of the community were invited to take what they wished from the table. It was one of the few times when many poor people received meat, and people would save up to give this offering of food (something we still do at Thanksgiving and Christmas). This was not a practice that was exclusive to Halloween, and this was done on several holy days throughout the year. It was still in practice in Ireland during the 1800’s.
As an example, I’ll cite another Holy Day where food was given to the poor.
From The Year in Ireland by Kevin Danaher…
Amhlaoibh O Suilleabhain, in his Diary, comments upon this custom in county Kilkenny in 1830:
'The tenth day, Wednesday, Martinmas Eve (eve of the feast of St. Martin)…
It is usual to shed blood , on Martinmas Eve; this is to say, blood of a goose or gander, hen or cock, pullet or chicken, duck or drake, fat porker or great and good beef, big wether or bleating kid; blood of sprightly lamb or gentle sheep or ragged goat or of some other good meat. It is a good old custom, which out to be kept up, wherever no butcher’s meat is to be had. Every strong farmer or gentleman ought to kill a sheep or a beef or a porker, and share it with the hovel dwellers of the neighborhood, and with God’s poor. Today, the poor wandering labourer has his back to the bush; perhaps without breaking his fast.’
There are many more examples in Danaher’s book. I should mention that many folklorists often neglect to mention the meat was given as alms to the poor, and instead fabricate fantasies of possible human and animal sacrifice as an origin for the customs associated with St. Martin’s eve. Never mind that St. Patrick is the originator for this custom in Ireland.
I suggest people get a copy of
The Year in Ireland: Irish Calendar Customs by Kevin Danaher. Another good book is
Irish Folk Ways by E. Estyn Evans. Both of these books will give anyone a good working knowledge of the Irish customs of Halloween and it’s connection with All Hallows Eve in the rest of Europe.
I would really love to see CAF produce an well researched article about this. I’d even be willing to write it myself.
Halloween should not be abandoned to secularism or the realm of evil. Catholics have a rich heritage in connection with vigil of All Hallows Eve. It’s time to reclaim it.