How can I accept the statement in Nostrae Aetate that Catholics and Moslems adore the same God as compatible with my faith and common sense?
(Emphasis mine)
How is this possible? For example, if I have a friend with a son named Robert, who is thirty-two years old, this characteristic becomes a part of my friends identity. Therefore, if I met a man who looks identical, but has six kids under the age of ten, then I would know he isn’t my friend because my friend has only one thirty-two year old kid.
The same applies to the Moslem religion. My God has a Son who is also God: Our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ. But Jesus is only a Allah’s “prophet”. Therefore, because this prophet lacks two things in relationship to Allah–the father/son relationship and divinity–Allah lacks essential characteristics belonging to my God and is not God.
Then we also have the words of Our Lord:
(Emphasis mine)
First of all I must say that I sympathize with your question since I have had the same issue for sometime. I think it helps if you realize that it requires a shift in perception as to how the Church is approaching this question to better appreciate what the document is saying.
So lets first take two examples which will help clarify this issue.
Take the example of a Protestant. He believes in being saved by faith alone. Does not believe in a Purgatory. Does not believe in 7 books of the Bible as being Divinely inspired and rejects the Church as being the Church of Christ. But we still do consider them to be praying to the same God. We even consider them to be praying to Jesus as well though we consider their view of what Jesus taught to be in error.
Now take the example of Jews. They reject that God sent his own son. They also reject everything else associated with his coming including that of the New Testament. YET, we consider them to be worshiping the same God though they are in error regarding who God is i.e. that God DID send his son and was present among us in this way.
In the same way, you have Muslims. They think that God revealed himself through the Koran. That Christ was just a prophet. They too have erroneous view on who God is. Yet, in the same way that we say Protestants, Jews worship the same God, we can say that Muslims too worship the same God. They just have an erroneous view of who Christ is.
Now this form of language is only good at times for ecumenical reasons for it can hide away the greater differences between us and we can use it as a common ground. But in terms of educating a Catholic about Islam, it is perhaps better to show the differences so they are aware why one should not become Muslim. Otherwise, if one simply says to a child “Muslims and us, we worship the same God”, he/she will wonder why they can’t pray in the Mosque instead or contract a marriage with a Muslim.
In this way, what we must recognize is that there is a common ground in that we all worship the same God but everyone other than Catholics have serious issues about their understanding of God.
So I think if we understand the perspective of the Church, we will be able to see what Nostrae Aetate is saying. Hope that clarified your issue.