I would suggest that IF a Universal Basic Income is given to all, then it becomes a must, which then includes giving to those who do not deserve it.
It is not a must in the sense that any government must offer a basic income. But it is a must in the sense that after a government decides something, until that decision is changed, it does become a must. But this sense of “must” is not necessarily a bad thing. When government decides that cars will drive on the right side of the street, then it becomes a must that people must drive on the right side of the street. If society wants to change it they can always go through the legal channels and change it.
So if government decides to give everyone a UBI, and the five years later decides that it is not such a good idea, then can change it and
not give anyone a UBI. Or they can decide to give everyone below a certain income level a UBI. I am not passing judgement on any of these choices. I am merely pointing out that choices like this exist. The decision on what works and what doesn’t is a pragmatic one and does not fall under the category of Catholic teaching, which leaves open many pragmatic issues where people of good will may differ.
The question of whether any UBI fundamentally violates Catholic teaching is the only question I want to discuss here. I say it does not. But before we get too deep into a debate about the general principle, let’s look at some example. (This is an old habit I learned when solving really tough math problems. Before attempting the general case, get familiar with some easier special cases.) One example I want to look at is Alaska. For quite a while the Alaskan North Slope oil development through the trans-Alaskan pipeline was so lucrative that the state government decided establish a fund that generated a dividend for every citizen of Alaska. The dividend fluctuates from about $400/year to a maximum of $3200 one year. It is not big enough to be called a UBI, but if the UBI violates Catholic teaching by giving money to people who might not deserve it, giving the Alaskan oil dividend of any size to people who may not deserve it also violates Catholic teaching. So let’s see if we can answer the question for this special case. Does the Alaskan oil dividend violate Catholic teaching? I don’t think so.
There is a separate argument for paying for services such as libraries as part of taxes, but that is a different topic for another day.
Why is it a different topic? Are the services provided by a library so fundamentally different than everyone using their UBI to pay for fiber optic Internet to the own homes? (In terms of violating Catholic teaching only).
Also there is the question of the government overly taxing people unfairly…it becomes a judgment issue then, on how much is too much.
That is true. Any pragmatic decision can be made badly, resulting in an unjust outcome.