In order to be able to understand a passage of the Bible one must be aware of:
In what form it was written, e.g., prose, poetry, history, etc. (Literary Form)
Why it was written.
When it was written.
What is the whole book about?
What is the meaning of each word?
How does it fit in with other parts of the Bible on the same subject?
The Old Testament is organized under three major headings:
The Law - this is the first in importance and consists of the first five books.
The Prophets - this consists of the preaching attributed to the prophets and their writings and the Books of Joshua, Judges, Samuel and Kings.
The Writings - this consists of the remainder of the Old Testament.
The Bible is God’s gift to us. The Bible is God’s love letter to His people. It was written over many centuries and contains different kinds of writing. We all need help to interpret what is being said in the different books. The Catholic Church offers that help.
Since the Bible is not one book, but a library of books, there are many different kinds of writing in these books, e.g., prose, proverbs, parables, prophesy, prayers, poetry, (narrative hymns), legends, legal documents, letters, sermons, songs, stories, etc. This is called Literary Form.
To refer to a fact that most non-Catholics hate to hear, and directly related to the rebuttal of the establishment of the bible, the Bible and the canons were organized and established for the teaching of the Catholic Faith by the Catholic Church, period. The Bible doesn’t contain all there is, it requires the teacher. It was taken out of its element to be used to establish another person’s opinions and edited and altered regardless of what one labels it as. One speaks reverently of the Bible being the inspired word of God but doesn’t defend it being altered or edited over 1000 years after its establishment. If the Septuagint and the Vetus Itala and the Latin Vulgate and every other succeeding Vulgate where good enough for Jesus, the Apostles and the Church fathers and successors to use as the correct resources, who 1500 years later qualifies to change or edit that? If you are expert in algebra and I hand you a book on astrophysics without the teaching of one who has the skills to teach the subject, how well would you do interpreting and formulating? Yet I see no support for the majority of the rebuttals and twisted interpretations commonly presented… Another “for instance”, when referring to Saint Jerome and the Latin Vulgate, Catholics refer to Him as “Saint” yet others usually wont. The Latin Vulgate generated from the Vetus Itala, the Septuagint. Church Fathers? Quote after quote supports the teachings of scripture with Sacred Tradition, they support the Catholic Church as the one true Church founded by Jesus and Jesus proclaimed it would NEVER fail, so it goes. God reveals to His church as time goes on which is why although nothing is reduced in its teachings , clarity increases as God deems appropriate.
Regarding the Deuterocanonicals, this might give a starting point;
Of the approximately 300 Old Testament quotes in the New Testament, approximately 2/3 of them came from the Septuagint (the Greek translation of the Old Testament) which included the deuterocanonical books that the Protestants later removed. This is additional evidence that Jesus and the apostles viewed the deuterocanonical books as part of canon of the Old Testament. Here are some examples:
Matt. 1:23 / Isaiah 7:14 - behold, a “virgin” shall conceive. Hebrew - behold, a “young woman” shall conceive.
Matt. 3:3; Mark 1:3; John 1:23 / Isaiah 40:3 - make “His paths straight.” Hebrew - make “level in the desert a highway.”
Matt. 9:13; 12:7 / Hosea 6:6 - I desire “mercy” and not sacrifice. Hebrew - I desire “goodness” and not sacrifice.
Matt. 12:21 / Isaiah 42:4 - in His name will the Gentiles hope (or trust). Hebrew - the isles shall wait for his law.
Matt. 13:15 / Isaiah 6:10 - heart grown dull; eyes have closed; to heal. Hebrew - heart is fat; ears are heavy; eyes are shut; be healed.
Matt. 15:9; Mark 7:7 / Isaiah 29:13 - teaching as doctrines the precepts of men. Hebrew - a commandment of men (not doctrines).
Continued next Post.