My present understanding, which could be wrong, is:
- There is no God.
- There are no “oughts.”
- Morality is subjective.
- Every man is the master of his own moral code.
- Man needs to live in community.
- The community has moral principles with which the man does not agree.
- The man does not submit to a morality that is not his own but only conforms in order to belong.
- The man is free to do what he wants as long as he believes doing so will not cause expulsion.
- The man works to break down the community’s moral code in order to increase his freedom of action.
As to incest, are all atheists in agreement, that is, incest is inherently wrong? Ditto bestiality.
I think some of these points don’t hit my mark at all. I do not believe that every man creates his own moral code. Moral codes are the products of societies. Anyone who falls outside the morality of their society is either going to be censured or punished, depending upon the particular moral code and the severity with which they violate it. When I speak of subjective morals, I don’t mean that it’s just all made up willy-nilly, but that morals, like other aspects of culture are inherited by each individual from the society which they grow up in, and that they tend to change as part of a larger milieu of cultural evolution.
The only people who truly seem unhinged from the wider social mores are sociopaths. I will freely admit that my moral and ethical considerations are largely based on Judeao-Christian tradition. That is the society I grew up in, and by and large I accept the morality bequeathed to me. It’s just that those rules are not static, and have changed over time, by and large as a product of cultural evolution. You can’t just invent morals out of thin air, because if they don’t resonate with some significant fraction of the wider society, you will find yourself an outlier, and at risk of the social censure or punishments as I mention above.
If you look at gay rights, by the 1960s there was growing recognition that penalizing someone for something that is neither their fault, nor could be shown to be harmful either to themselves or those around them, was fundamentally unjust. Homosexuals do not have mental viruses that turn other people gay, when left to themselves and not harassed or marginalized, they can lead relatively normal lives. They don’t fit any of the parameters that would be viewed as a mental illness, and at least some of the higher rates of mental disorder can be attributed to how society has tended to treat them. Furthermore, the laws were applied so unequally. If you were healthy or of aristocratic heritage, you could conduct your sexual affairs quite safely, sometimes even openly, but if you were a homosexual without the advantages of wealth or birth, then the full force of the law and social censure came down on you.
So society’s views on homosexuals evolved. Even the Church, to some extent, carefully moderated its statements on homosexuals, so as not to demonize them for SSA.