Interesting question.
There is a facet to the question that I would like to explore, though it does not directly address your primary inquiry [my apologies, if you regard this as a derailing of the thread].
Is the Catholic Church the original church founded by God? Do Protestant and Orthodox Churches share history with the Catholic Church?
The Catholic Church – with resulting investiture of the Bishop of Rome, years later – started with Peter.
As did the Protestant and Orthodox Churches.
With Peter’s proclamation to Jesus, at Caesarea Philippi, the Church of Christ was initiated, though not called Catholic, nor Protestant, nor Orthodox, at the time.
When the Apostle Paul was evangelizing, there was no Catholic Church, nor Protestant Church, but separate churches in local districts, learning of and from each other.
The early Catholic Fathers were instrumental in knitting virtually all of the foundational beliefs of the Christian faith, by dogma and doctrine, canon and continuance.
About 500 years ago, some Catholics took exception to certain tenets of the Catholic direction, and steered differently accordingly, acquiring the Protestant appellation.
It is an error to conclude that the history of the Protestant Church started only 500 years ago.
The history of the Protestant Church started 2000 years ago, but altered from the Catholic current, some 500 years ago.
The history of the Catholic Church is not the exclusive prerogative of the Catholic Church; the Protestant and Orthodox Churches share the very same earliest history.
The Holy Spirit is within and among all members of the branches of the Church of Christ, whether the branch be called Catholic, or Protestant, or Orthodox.