‘Dominion’ means “the power or right of governing and controlling; sovereign authority.” It also comes from the Latin dominium meaning ‘property’ or ownership.
Not for Biblical purposes in understanding our relationship and duties to the rest of creation.
Here is an excerpt from
Dominion by Matthew Scully.
**We can challenge farming practices today without passing judgement on the whole of human experience, just as we can reflect on the hardships of mules in the coal mines of another time without faulting the miners. Once, men like those miners had no choice except to use mules, dragging them down into the heavenless pit–and even then, as Crane describes, giving them a break sometimes, feeling for them as comrades in toil and misery. One needn’t condemn the practice. How could you? Hard necessity demanded it. It is part of the story, the animals’ and our own, and both good and ill came of it.
Now, in the more developed world, the mule is free at least of that assignment. His services are no longer needed. So too have many other animals served us well over the ages. It was the use of livestock that first freed us from the chase, allowed man to settle and civilize himself, slowly rendering the hunter a useless and ever more ridiculous figure engaged in what the name itself “game,” implies. Meat and dairy products undeniably furnished a wide array of protein sources, like the soybean today as we discover its many uses and superior protein value. It was the labor of the mule and the horse and the ox and the elephant that allowed man to turn his energies to greater work, building his earthly life over the ages up from savage squalor to the world we live in today. It was the fur-bearer whose pelt shielded us from the elements, the oil of the whale that lighted our lamps, the ivory of the elephant and bones and antlers of other animals that gave us tools and adornments. And so on through the story of civilization, leaving today, in many cases, only customs and habits and industries surviving on the momentum of varnished necessity. **For ages people needed furs to survive in the severe elements we faced. Women who today keep the fur industry thriving, in order to be seen swathed in mink on a 60-degree December evening in Beverly Hills, or in Manhattan making the harsh winter trek from Saks to Tiffany’s, do not have the same excuse.
When substitute products are found, with each creature in turn, responsible dominion calls for a reprieve. The warrent expires. The divine mandate is used up. What were once “necessary evils” becomes just evils. Laws protecting animals from mistreatment, abuse, and exploitation are not a moral luxury or sentimental afterthought to be shrugged off. They are a serious moral obligation, only clearer in the more developed parts of the world where we can not plead poverty. Man, guided by the very light of reason and ethics that was his claim to dominion in the first place, should in the generations to come have the good grace to repay his debts, step back wherever possible and leave the creatures be, off to live out the lives designed for them, with all the beauty and sights and smells and warm winds, and all the natural hardships, dangers, and violence too.
If we take Isaiah at his word, maybe the moment prophesied is arriving, an unexpected turn in our human story, not an onerous moral demand but a wonderful moral opportunity. Perhaps we are getting uneasy about our mistreatment of animals because we should be uneasy about it. Maybe we wonder about these practices because we are supposed to be wondering about them. There comes a time when the service is no longer needed, and the master, if he is just, will turn to the suffering creatures in his dominion, from the mink to the pig to the elephant to the great leviathan, and say, “Dismissed.”