Is God Responsible For All Evil?

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RyanL:L

But wouldn’t that be included has a possible before he was conceived? (ref: Creation of Reprobated individuals.) The justification in the parents eyes is, “If we have this child he may screw up in school.” So there is some responsibility on the parents, has they decided the odds were acceptable regardless of what the child’s decision would be.

The same would be in the creation of a dangerous object. I can make a car, but it could kill someone if the wrong driver got behind the wheels. The only absolute way to protect the potential victim is to not make it. The driver may be responsible for an accident, but if I had been responsible in not creating the car, then I know for sure it could not have happened.

The main theme in both is seeking value. What costs are acceptable in order to allow for it’s existence, and this is the real point of decision.

AndyF
 
One of the things I was taught to believe while growing up is that Satan can not do anything without God’s permission. I’m not entirely sure what to believe on the matter.This is problematic for a couple of reasons.

One is if Satan cannot act without God’s permission, then would that not make God responsible for all evil?

Two is if Satan can act without God’s permission, then does that not mean God is not omnipotent?
One: The short answer is, yes, despite the philosophical obfuscations and evasions put forth by many to avoid the obvious conclusion. People are responsible for what they had the possibility to prevent. Everyone would hold a doctor responsible for the death of one whom he had the power to cure but refused to do so. There is no reason whatsoever to exempt God from the same responsibility. In fact, He has an even greater responsibility, as one with greater power.

Two: No, not if God has willed beforehand to limit His omnipotence, in order to give true freedom to creatures. For those who object: if God cannot do this, would this mean He is not omnipotent?

There are several canards which keep coming up.

It is not necessary that God allow sin if He is to allow free will. He could infallibly decree and will that all His creatures freely choose Him. In fact, the human nature of Christ did have a free will, and yet it was impossible that that human nature sin. In fact, everyone in heaven today also has a free will; it is nevertheless impossible they do not choose God.

It is a facile answer that God only allows evil for the sake of a greater good; it must be shown exactly why that greater good could not existed but for the evil; otherwise, the evil is gratuitous and superfluous, and it must also be shown why the good is proportionately greater than the evil. Traditional theodicies fall flat on their face when faced with the above questions, probably why they don’t even attempt to answer them.
 
But doesn’t this beg the question “what is evil”?
Peter Kreeft gives a nice explanation of the problem of evil. peterkreeft.com/topics/evil.htm
If there is no malice then what makes something evil? I’m not trying to be difficult but have been thinking about the concept of evil in recent days. There are some cultures that don’t believe in the concept of evil at all. :confused:
Not everything is malicious, in order to lead to evil. God created all things and all things are good…so says Genesis. My point was that sometimes things which are created good, can ultimately lead to evil. They are not malicious in any form, and here’s one example which if used exactly as was intended can lead to evil…FOOD.

God created food for our bodily nourishment. We must eat to sustain ourselves. God also made food enjoyable, and tasty. These things God created are not evil by any means, but used unchecked exactly as we indulge ourselves, will eventually lead us to gain weight, and that can lead to GLUTTONY. And gluttony IS EVIL. A perfect example where a created good thing could lead to evil. Of course there is a remedy to avoid this evil, and God created a virtue which stops this evil (gluttony), and it is called temperance (moderation). But the same applies to things which create wars.
 
It is not necessary that God allow sin if He is to allow free will. He could infallibly decree and will that all His creatures freely choose Him. In fact, the human nature of Christ did have a free will, and yet it was impossible that that human nature sin. In fact, everyone in heaven today also has a free will; it is nevertheless impossible they do not choose God.

It is a facile answer that God only allows evil for the sake of a greater good; it must be shown exactly why that greater good could not existed but for the evil; otherwise, the evil is gratuitous and superfluous, and it must also be shown why the good is proportionately greater than the evil. Traditional theodicies fall flat on their face when faced with the above questions, probably why they don’t even attempt to answer them.
I’m not so sure about this. How can a being freely choose to obey God if God wills him to do so? I think freewill must imply freedom from Gods’ will or it has no meaning. Jesus was an entirely different case because He was God- in addition to having a human nature. I believe the reason for the pain and suffering and revelation and grace in this world is to convince us that the only right and wise thing to do is to follow Him. In that way, we’re not coerced but rather* drawn*, and can always reject the offer. We choose whether or not to cooperate in a molding process, a metanoia or rebirthing, over a period of time, where we can ultimately be transformed or divinized as we were originally meant to be.
**1988 Through the power of the Holy Spirit we take part in Christ’s Passion by dying to sin, and in his Resurrection by being born to a new life; we are members of his Body which is the Church, branches grafted onto the vine which is himself.
[God] gave himself to us through his Spirit. By the participation of the Spirit, we become communicants in the divine nature. . . . For this reason, those in whom the Spirit dwells are divinized.
1989 The first work of the grace of the Holy Spirit is conversion, effecting justification in accordance with Jesus’ proclamation at the beginning of the Gospel: "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand."38 Moved by grace, man turns toward God and away from sin, thus accepting forgiveness and righteousness from on high. "Justification is not only the remission of sins, but also the sanctification and renewal of the interior man.39 **
God would’ve known the fall would happen *prior *to His creating, which means, I believe, that He had planned to utilize it to His own ends from the beginning. So I’d consider it reasonable to think that God does use the evil chosen by His creation to gain a greater good for His creation out of it.
412 But why did God not prevent the first man from sinning? St. Leo the Great responds, "Christ’s inexpressible grace gave us blessings better than those the demon’s envy had taken away."307 And St. Thomas Aquinas wrote, "There is nothing to prevent human nature’s being raised up to something greater, even after sin; God permits evil in order to draw forth some greater good. Thus St. Paul says, ‘Where sin increased, grace abounded all the more’; and the Exsultet sings, 'O happy fault,. . . which gained for us so great a Redeemer!”
Speaking for myself, I’d probably stay huddled with the masses and not be moved towards God if not for the pain and suffering of this life together with the grace He offers to enable me to overcome and be able to progress in faith and hope and finally love for Him.
 
Speaking for myself, I’d probably stay huddled with the masses and not be moved towards God if not for the pain and suffering of this life together with the grace He offers to enable me to overcome and be able to progress in faith and hope and finally love for Him.
Wow, that isn’t normal is it? I mean I am not Catholic so I have only heard about stuff like this, but is this okey? It can’t be right? I mean it has to be some stereotype that Catholics have some abusive God that does this to people. Evil can’t be that real and extreme and planned and inflicted on poor innocent sinners (yes I really think that we would be innocent, ignorant really) just so we can love God. That can’t be right can it? Somebody . . .?
 
One: The short answer is, yes, despite the philosophical obfuscations and evasions put forth by many to avoid the obvious conclusion. People are responsible for what they had the possibility to prevent. Everyone would hold a doctor responsible for the death of one whom he had the power to cure but refused to do so. There is no reason whatsoever to exempt God from the same responsibility. In fact, He has an even greater responsibility, as one with greater power.

Two: No, not if God has willed beforehand to limit His omnipotence, in order to give true freedom to creatures. For those who object: if God cannot do this, would this mean He is not omnipotent?

There are several canards which keep coming up.

It is not necessary that God allow sin if He is to allow free will. He could infallibly decree and will that all His creatures freely choose Him. In fact, the human nature of Christ did have a free will, and yet it was impossible that that human nature sin. In fact, everyone in heaven today also has a free will; it is nevertheless impossible they do not choose God.

It is a facile answer that God only allows evil for the sake of a greater good; it must be shown exactly why that greater good could not existed but for the evil; otherwise, the evil is gratuitous and superfluous, and it must also be shown why the good is proportionately greater than the evil. Traditional theodicies fall flat on their face when faced with the above questions, probably why they don’t even attempt to answer them.
The issues you are raising are both philosophical and theological. It would be unfair to say that traditional theodiices failed to answer your querries, because you are including questions which builds upon theoligical principles or data.

it is necessary to see the dichotomy betwen theology and philosophy. I think all posts here are theological, so you need to read theolgical treatises for this question and to always keep in mind while arguing and reading that there are theological assumptions and given. for me the question of God’s responsibility cannot really be sufficiently answered by mere philosophical speculation, hence if your disposition is not from the theoligical point of view, you can never be satisfied.

now for your arguments:
yes people are alwys responsible for what they could have prevented, but this responsibility is true only in as much as people have the obligation to prevent them. But it is different for God. He had no obligation whatsoever to prevent us from sinning. We are given freedom as gift and it is a very good thing, if we sin it is entirely our responsibility. To prevent us from sinning is entirely a matter of God’s mercy or generousity and not responsibility.

Jesus’ human will is impeccable because of the beatific vision which his nature enjoys by virtue of the hypostatic union. And it is a grace bestowed on his humanity. The blessed in heaven cannot commit sin becauase of grace also but this grace is gratuituous and never an obligation on the part of God.

true, it is not necessary that God allows sin if he is to allow freewill. God could have the angels and human with the beatific vision of Him already at creation but that was not his plan. He created both angels and men in statu viae which menas that they have to win beatific vision as a reward. Now can we say then that he is responsible beacuse he chooses this kind of plan and not the other? of course not. He is never obliged to create us with the grace of beatific vision. he is not even obliged to reward us with this grace and to help us in attining this.

Even if God allowed sin and consequently to happen without drawing a greater good from them still he has no responsibility over them. It is entirely ours. So the fact that he alwys darw a greater good out of evil is not beacause he is obligated but becuase of his mercy.

For God everything is a gift, a mercy. But for us everything is an obligation and responsibility.

Moreover everyone is given sufficient grace to overcome sin, which grace is also entirely a gift and never an obligation.

*It is a facile answer that God only allows evil for the sake of a greater good; it must be shown exactly why that greater good could not existed but for the evil; otherwise, the evil is gratuitous and superfluous, *
of course the greater good could have and have existed without the evil. if the fall didnt happen, it would have been all good. The above line of reasoning is not a law but God’s free resolve of will that in spite of evil he will always draw a greater good out of it. remember the above reasonigs are not merely philosophical but theological
 
Two: No, not if God has willed beforehand to limit His omnipotence, in order to give true freedom to creatures. For those who object: if God cannot do this, would this mean He is not omnipotent?
of course God cannot limit his omnipotens and that doesnt mean that he is not omnipotent. He cannot make himself less than himself. But speaking of his governace of the world, well he can, it depends on how he deal with his creatures. But to give true freedom to his creatures does not need that he limits his omnipotens.
 
it is necessary to see the dichotomy betwen theology and philosophy. I think all posts here are theological, so you need to read theolgical treatises for this question and to always keep in mind while arguing and reading that there are theological assumptions and given. for me the question of God’s responsibility cannot really be sufficiently answered by mere philosophical speculation, hence if your disposition is not from the theoligical point of view, you can never be satisfied.
What is the difference between theology and philosophy? Is it a matter of ‘theological assumptions’? Don’t those count as premises, that are then used philosophically, but themselves not proven? I get that, but why is that distinguished from philosophy? And what is a ‘mere philosophical speculation’? Is it speculation as opposed to experience? Or is it speculation as opposed to something like ‘mere faith’ like just accepting a dogma that cannot itself be proven, understood, experienced, realized? Can theology be experimental? A real science of God?

I am sure there is a better thread for this, but I haven’t found it yet. Does anyone know one?
 
This sums up some of my basic beliefs on this topic but if evil was never meant to be, then it seems that God couldn’t will it.

But does He hate evil or does He create it? Or are those two possibilities inherently mutually exclusive? Does He will war to happen in order to bring a greater good out of it or does He allow it to happen for that purpose? Likewise did He will the fall or did He allow it? He certainly foresaw it prior to creation. In Exodus, did God harden Pharaohs’ heart or did He just know Pharaohs’ heart would harden?

It makes me think that the fall was a necessity in His mind, a part of His plan.

From our Catholic perspective, I guess it still goes back to the issue of wills. It seems that God wills that *our *wills supercede His for now; apparently so we’ll learn from the devastating results that His will really should be done-and so supercede ours.
first we must understand that God’s initial will is the blessed properity of men and not the fall. The plan he had after the fall is only an alternative one. he had an original plan which excludes sin and evil. But since he foresaw the fall he did not think of punishing us at hand but carried on his plan with much more surprises and exhibitions of his goodness.

God could never ever will or desire sin becuase of his absolute holiness. Actually we are confusing here two things,viz., sin and evil. Sin is that which is moral evil and this is what they mean by absence of somthing or “nothing”. because sin is always an absence of a moral qualification which makes an act good. But evil as physical or physical evil is that which we can see and feel. Because sin always causes (indirectly and directly) physical evil, we often confuses the two. What i say about God as the material cuase of evil, i mean physical evil. But sin is somthing that cannot be caused or created by God because it is simply a disqualification of an action to being moral. Thus it is immoral.

God allows evil for a greater good, means physical evil. Like death, pain emotional physical psychological, etc these are physical evil and they are experienced in many forms of real activities such as war, quarrel, natural disaters, verbal and physical assualts,sickness, etc.

there are evil which he himself creates and there are many that results from men’s sins. Therefore if there is no sin then there would be no evil, because in this case there is no point also that he sholud create evil, because there is no sin that needs to be corrected or prevented. Evil corrects sin and most of the time prevents it, that is why it is for a greater good.

Always remember that when we say that evil is allowed for a greated good, the greater good here is not physical good like good harvest, good health, economic prosperity, good cilmate, etc. But this always refer to moral goodness. God allowed evil only to correct and prevent moral evil or sin, and to produce converts, repentants, humbled, persevering, and saintly persons.

thus God aloows war to happen NOT in order to save a nation from starving (becuase oftentimes war results to stravation) but in order to mitigate moral evil to happen which somteimes our christian sensitivity could forecast but oftentimes only God can see.
 
Wow, that isn’t normal is it? I mean I am not Catholic so I have only heard about stuff like this, but is this okey? It can’t be right? I mean it has to be some stereotype that Catholics have some abusive God that does this to people. Evil can’t be that real and extreme and planned and inflicted on poor innocent sinners (yes I really think that we would be innocent, ignorant really) just so we can love God. That can’t be right can it? Somebody . . .?
No matter where we think suffering comes from, it’s an undeniable and unavoidable reality of this world which God allows-or else it wouldn’t exist. Therefore, we either have to believe that it has a purpose or that it’s “gratuitous and superfluous”, to quote SeekingCatholic on the nature of evil. If the latter were true, then God could be considered to be abusive, and that’s a question indirectly posed by this thread. So the Catholic Church says to pick up our cross and follow-to embrace the inevitable suffering in life rather than be hardened by it. This doesn’t mean that we seek it or cultivate it; it just means that we learn to trust God enough to continue to love Him whether times are good or bad.-and sometimes when they’re bad that can be challenging. It also means that suffering can, in some mysterious way, build character in us. I don’t believe that God’s the author of evil but we’d be denying His omnipotence to say evil’s here because He can’t do anything about it-or denying His love by saying it’s here but has no purpose.
 
The issues you are raising are both philosophical and theological. It would be unfair to say that traditional theodiices failed to answer your querries, because you are including questions which builds upon theoligical principles or data.

it is necessary to see the dichotomy betwen theology and philosophy. I think all posts here are theological, so you need to read theolgical treatises for this question and to always keep in mind while arguing and reading that there are theological assumptions and given. for me the question of God’s responsibility cannot really be sufficiently answered by mere philosophical speculation, hence if your disposition is not from the theoligical point of view, you can never be satisfied.
Look, the question “Is God responsible for evil?” is primarily a philosophical question. This is why this thread is in the “Philosophy” sub-section. I don’t object to theological principles and data being brought to the discussion, but the question still is primarily a philosophical one. I’m sure that theology would like to simply push all the difficult philosophical questions under the rug, but that’s just too bad. The questions I raised are, in fact, unanswered by traditional theological theodicies.
now for your arguments:
OK, your own arguments are mere arguments by assertion. You provide no rational argumentation at all.
yes people are alwys responsible for what they could have prevented, but this responsibility is true only in as much as people have the obligation to prevent them. But it is different for God.
Why is it different for God? The premise is denied. It is not different for God. If God is a being beyond which no greater can be thought He ought to least behave decently according to mere human standards.
He had no obligation whatsoever to prevent us from sinning.
Denied. Any good parent has an obligation to prevent his children from moral evil insofar as he is able to do so; calling God “Our Father” while denying that He, therefore, has at least the obligations of a human father is making the prayer a mockery.
We are given freedom as gift and it is a very good thing, if we sin it is entirely our responsibility. To prevent us from sinning is entirely a matter of God’s mercy or generousity and not responsibility.
Denied. See above. The fact that we are responsible for our actions does not absolve God of His own responsibility, anymore than the fact that children are responsible for their actions absolves their parents of theirs.
true, it is not necessary that God allows sin if he is to allow freewill. God could have the angels and human with the beatific vision of Him already at creation but that was not his plan. He created both angels and men in statu viae which menas that they have to win beatific vision as a reward.
Exactly why did He do this? What is the greater good involved?

Everyone would condemn a father who allowed his son to commit suicide in front of his eyes; yet God is to be exempted from all responsibility if He allows His own children to commit spiritual suicide in front of His.
Now can we say then that he is responsible beacuse he chooses this kind of plan and not the other? of course not.
Guess what, I just said it and say it. People are held responsible for the kind of plan they choose in order to reach a goal. According to the Catechism His purpose in creating man is for man to be happy with Him in heaven. Now He has choice of Plan A, with guaranteed success, and Plan B, where many will fail. He chooses Plan B, even though He could have chosen Plan A. Everyone would criticize a bridge designer who chose to use a blueprint with a 90% chance of failure within 5 years, versus one which has a 0% chance of failure.
He is never obliged to create us with the grace of beatific vision. he is not even obliged to reward us with this grace and to help us in attining this.
He is not, intrinsically, but this is off-topic. He is so obligated, however, if His purpose in creating man is to grant him the beatific ision.
Even if God allowed sin and consequently to happen without drawing a greater good from them still he has no responsibility over them.
Yes, He does. Allowing evil gratuitously to exist is an evil act. A God who could do such a thing is not the Judeo-Christian God but an evil entity.
It is entirely ours. So the fact that he alwys darw a greater good out of evil is not beacause he is obligated but becuase of his mercy.
Denied. See above.
For God everything is a gift, a mercy. But for us everything is an obligation and responsibility.
Denied. Nothing could be more absurd than to say a Creator has no obligation towards His creatures, that He could be totally unconcerned about their happiness and welfare, and yet expect to be worshipped as a good God. Again, this demotes God to an evil scientific experimenter.
Moreover everyone is given sufficient grace to overcome sin, which grace is also entirely a gift and never an obligation.
Denied (the second part). See above. If God wished to oblige His creatures to do something then He obliges Himself to give them the means to do it.
of course the greater good could have and have existed without the evil. if the fall didnt happen, it would have been all good.
Then the evil was superfluous and gratuitous, and God is an evil entity for allowing evil He could have prevented.
The above line of reasoning is not a law but God’s free resolve of will that in spite of evil he will always draw a greater good out of it.
A “greater good” here means a good that could not have existed but for the evil, and one which is proportionately greater than the evil. What is the “greater good” that came out of the fall? If there is none, then the philosophical objection stands.
remember the above reasonigs are not merely philosophical but theological
Which is a polite way of saying you can’t answer the philosophical objections so you will attempt to brush them under the rug. Theology can’t contradict philosophy; they both deal with truth in their own ways.
 
Wow, that isn’t normal is it? I mean I am not Catholic so I have only heard about stuff like this, but is this okey? It can’t be right? I mean it has to be some stereotype that Catholics have some abusive God that does this to people. Evil can’t be that real and extreme and planned and inflicted on poor innocent sinners (yes I really think that we would be innocent, ignorant really) just so we can love God. That can’t be right can it? Somebody . . .?
Guess I wasn’t quite done.
What I’m referring to by “huddled masses” are those who feel comfortable so long as they’re pretty much conformed to the world’s standards rather than questioning whether or not the ways of the world are right. Adam & Eve chose a viewpoint of reality which excluded the necessity of God. It was a very stupid idea. God is the source of our life. We live in the world created by their erroneous perspective and, for myself, it’s can be very tough at times to overcome the pull to believe that we don’t need God. But this life is a place where we can experience firsthand life without Him, where we call the shots in terms of our moral behavior and where we can experience and come to know the good that God created and still allowed here: love, pleasure, beauty, kindness, life itself, as well as the evil He allows: sin, hatred, jealousy, pettiness, selfishness, disease, suffering, death. And here we can also hear about Him thru the revelation He’s provided to His Church and so make up our own minds whether or not we really need Him after all.
 
CANON VI.-If any one saith, that it is not in man’s power to make his ways evil, but that the works that are evil God worketh as well as those that are good, not permissively only, but properly, and of Himself, in such wise that the treason of Judas is no less His own proper work than the vocation of Paul; let him be anathema.

This canon from Trent addresses some issues brought up by this thread regarding Gods’ position relative to evil-and how He allows without causing the evil which occurs.
 
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