Yes, I see the difference when it comes to gathering, say outside of an abortion period to pray for the unborn… Is that the type of prayer you’re referring to?
I’m referring to “prayer meetings”, which can include worship.
I think the problem is with the word “worship”. To the Catholic Church, worship would be an Anglican or a Lutheran liturgy or the ordinary Sunday service at a Baptist church. If I’m correct, the Fundamentalist Protestants call worship any form of prayer service. The Catholic Church does not. Worship, for us, means a formal liturgical function.
A gathering of Christians for a specific purpose, such as when the Holy Father has visited different Protestant communities and they have prayed together or when we gather with a Protestant community to celebrate something like a funeral, wedding, Baptism, are not acts of worship. They are functions for very specif purposes.
Why do the SSPX clergy get to count as “part of the Catholic Church” despite the fact that they are not in communion with the Holy See, whereas the Orthodox, because they’re not in communion with the Holy See, do not get to count as part of the Catholic Church?
The SSPX is not a Church. It has never claimed to be a Church. They have always claimed to be Roman Catholic. They are a society of apostolic life. The entire Society was never excommunicated, only the four bishops. Their deacons, priests and brothers are suspended. That has not changed; but they are not outside of the Catholic Church.
So is the difference that the Catholic Church recognizes the legitimacy of the autonomy of the churches belonging to the Orthodox Church, whereas the Catholic Church does not recognize the legitimacy of the SSPX’s schism from the Latin Church?
The SSPX have never been in schism. Archbishop Lefebvre committed a schismatic act by ordaining the four bishops without a papal mandate. A schimatic act is one that can lead to a schism if it’s followed to its logical conclusion. If the bishops of the SSPX ordain more bishops, then there is a schism, because it would send a message to the Holy See that they disregard the authority of the Holy See and intend to continue on their own.
The Orthodox Churches (which are many), are in schism, meaning that they are on their own and at present have no intention of subordinating themselves to the authority of the Holy See. However, they are not excommunicated, because you can’t excommunicate someone who never belonged to your church. The Orthodox Christians of today were never Catholic. They were born into the Orthodox Churches. Those who broke away were excommunicated. However, they have been dead for almost 1,000 years. Maintaining an excommunication over the heads of the Orthodox or their maintaining an excommunication over the heads of the Catholics made no sense. The break was between our ancestors, not us.
Once you lift the excommunication of the two, then you look at their status. In the case of the SSPX bishops, you have Catholic bishops who will not be granted their place in the Church until they submit the conditions that the Holy See places on them. As long as they choose not to submit, the remain Catholic bishops who are suspended. Canonically, they are not supposed to celebrate the sacraments in public. That’s part of the consequence of a suspension.
In the case of the Orthodox, once you lift the excommunication you have Christian bishops who have apostolic succession, because they can trace their succession back to the Apostles. Some of those Churches were founded by Apostles and others flowed out of Churches founded by Apostles. This makes them legitimate bishops with legitimate authority and no obligation to the Holy See, since they do not claim to be Catholic.
That’s precisely why I was confused. It seemed that the SSPX’s situation was actually rather analogous to that of the Orthodox:
As long as the SSPX bishops claim to be Catholic, they are subject to the laws of the Catholic Church. If they were to claim that they are a separate Church, they go into schism, as are the orthodox and they are no longer subject to Church laws. They would have to create their own laws.
Is the difference what I guessed above: that the Orthodox churches are supposed to be independent of the Latin Church, whereas the SSPX is not supposed to be?
Not exactly. There are 22 Catholic Churches that are independent of the Latin Church or the Roman Catholic Church, whichever you choose to call it. However, they are in full communion with the Pontiff, without losing their autonomy. Even their theology is different on some points.
The Orthodox Churches were once part of these 22 Churches and broke away durng the 11th century. The Orthodox Churches a truly independent. They were never part of the Roman Catholic Church. For example, the Greek Orthodox were once Greek Catholics and so forth.
The SSPX have always been part of the Roman Catholic Church.
So let’s assume for the sake of a hypothetical that those arrangements are licit. Is full participation (including receiving Holy Communion) of both the eastern Catholics and the eastern Orthodox in one of their churches’ Divine Liturgies constitutive of shared worship?
If so, isn’t that then a morally acceptable example of Catholics’ engaging in worship with non-Catholics?
The Church makes the law; therefore, she can change the law or modify it. For example, let’s assume that the Canon Law for the Oriental Churches allows the Eastern Catholics of certain Churches to receive communion in their Orthodox counterparts, this would not be immoral. The Church has the power to bind and unbind.
Fraternally,
Br. JR, OSF
