Here’s another scenario for consideration;
Jack and Jill work in an office and the rumor is going around that both of them, though married, are having an affair. One day Jill confides in you that she was indeed having an affair with Jack but that it is over and she deeply regrets her actions and thanks you for allowing herself to unburden her sorrow in your confidence. Later, Little Boy Blue, who saw you talking to Jill, comes up and says, "hey, did Jill tell you that she was having an affair with Jack?" How do you answer?
If you say, “yes she did,” then you have betrayed the confidence that Jill placed in you.
If you say, “maybe,” then you basically admitted the same and have betrayed Jill’s confidence.
If you say, “no,” then according to many here, you are lying and committing a sin.
BTW, remaining silent won’t work with Little Boy Blue because he will hound you until you answer.
So, what do you do???
Me, personally, I would reply with a straight-forward “no,” because it is my opinion that Little Boy Blue nor anyone else has a right to know whether or not Jack and Jill were having an affair nor do they have a right to force you to betray the confidence that Jill placed in you. A lie is not just something that isn’t true, but is usually said to deceive others for a selfish personal gain. In the Nazi-at-the-door example, if you reply that there are indeed Jews in your basement then you become a willing participant in an intrinsically evil act, the murder of innocent people. All people do not have a “right” to know the answer to every question asked, and when questions are asked for the intention to commit an evil act, then one does not have to be a participant in it.
An example I heartily agree with is if a pregnant woman asked if I know where she can get an abortion. There could be an abortion mill across the street but I would unhesitatingly reply “no” to her question. To reply “yes” would make me a willing, active participant in the murder of her child.
Also, keep this in mind; a priest cannot be suspended from his duties for lying to protect the identity of someone in confession but he will certainly be suspended (and possibly excommunicated) for breaking the seal of confession.
There is certainly more to a lie than just saying something that isn’t “true;” lies of omission come to mind.