L
lynnvinc
Guest
As an anthropologist I heard quite a different story in grad school. Plus nearly all the land in the U.S. today was under the auspices of Indian tribes – we robbed it from them by lies, deceit, and genocide. And I’ve heard present-day anecdotal stories of how they are now sterilizing some Indian women, so they won’t have babies.There have been various estimates of the actual number of Indians killed by Whites in what is now the U.S. Most are between 6,000 and 20,000. The number of whites killed by Indians is comparable. That’s not to say the Indian death toll wasn’t much larger. It was. But virtually all were due to disease brought, yes, by Europeans and Africans. But it was inevitable anyway. One boatload of people from Europe, Asia, or Africa to the U.S. or one boatload from the Americas to any of those places and returned, the result would have been the same.
Furthermore, it is a lie that Indians killed white women and children. They carried them off and made them part of their tribes. OTOH, whites killed Indian women, children, and old feeble peace chiefs. One young cavalryman reported how during the Sand Creek massacre, after the military had killed off all the old Cheyenne peace chiefs, women, and children who had been flying a white flag over their camp, with the understanding they were going to make peace with the whites, a small Indian toddler was climbing over the body heap, crying, looking for his mother, and a soldier took aim and killed him too.
What is very interesting is that a few years later when the Cheyennes were making a peace treaty with the whites with Kit Carson present, the original treaty read that the Cheyennes would not kill and scalp white men or carry off white women and children. That original treaty is in the History Library at the U of Wisconsin-Madison. However, the version that was eventually ratified by Congress later, cut out “carry off white women and children” (probably because they wanted to continue the myth of the ruthless savages, killers of women and children, who were in fact less “savage” than the ruthless whites.
As for diseases, yes, to some extent they were spread accidentally, but there were many cases in which the white purposely exposed Indians to contagious diseases to which they had no immunity. Add that to cutting them off from their subsistence base into near starvation conditions, and that did cause lots of deaths. But that also amounts to a large portion of these deaths being de facto killings.
That’s referred to as the domino effect. White settler colonists were coming in from the east from the 1600s onward and moving westward, which pushed the eastern tribes to the west, who pushed those tribes west of them farther west and so on.Indian-on-Indian deaths were massively larger.
Prior to that it was more a matter of occasional Indian tribe-on-Indian tribe raiding. Nothing at all comparable to warfare.
Though I imagine (not sure) there may have been something on the level of ancient warfare during the Mississippian civilization, centered at Cahokia Mound in SW Illinois, since state-level societies in general are notorious for warfare. (We stopped by Cahokia on our way to Texas.)
Well, maybe your anthropology professors may not have known, but it is well accepted that a good portion of the Aztec people had originally lived in the north (where the U.S. currently is, in that Aztlan area), then migrated to the south to where Mexico City is today.Linguistic similarities do not make a “tribe” or a people…
Furthermore, there were lots of Chicanos and Tejanos who were living in what is now the U.S. (in the West and Texas), many with Spanish land grants, well before Anglo settlers arrived, and there have been some egregious harms against them too, like Battle Mountain Gold poisoning their water with cyanide – and the judge deciding that while the Chicanos of S. Colorado San Luis Valley had original land and water rights, they did not have the right to safe and clean water.
The list goes on. We are part and parcel of a society and economic system that engages in a lot of harms (even if there are lots of positives, as well). Are others who are part of other systems equally bad or even worse than us? That’s not the point. A priest we had would point out that trying to get off the hook of responsibility by pointing to worse people is wrong. I think it’s a favorite ploy of children.