Wannano:
Please do not assume that I am trying to be controversial but I have a question. How and why do we know when to take Christ’s words literal or symbolically from the Bible? At the Last Supper He took bread and then said “take eat.” Why does anyone substitute literal bread for a wafer even if the wafer contains only wheat flour and water? I know that most Evangelicals substitute wine with grape juice but I have seen several posters here castigate them for not using actual wine when their own church does not use actual bread from a loaf?
Just to (hopefully) clear things up: What Jesus offered at the Last Supper was not what most Americans (can’t speak for any other part of the world) call “bread.” It was (and is) matzo. It is the same stuff that you would buy from the store that is labeled “Kosher for Pesach” (Passover). This matzo has been made from ONLY wheat flour and water. It can’t have ANY leavening in it, like soda, and must be made from pure WHEAT flour, not corn flour or wheat mixed with barley flour or spelt flour.
When the Israelites were fleeing from Egypt they were commanded to make and eat this type of bread, because it doesn’t require time for the yeast for ferment, causing the bread to rise. In fact, in the commercial matzo bakeries, there will be religious officials walking around with stopwatches to make sure that no more than 18 minutes pass from the time the water hits the flour until the dough is cut and placed in the oven to bake. If it is 18 minutes and one second, the dough is thrown out because there’s too much chance that by then, a stray bit of wild yeast may have landed in the dough and started leavening the dough.
Those groups that use store-bought bread or even crackers are actually practicing a form of corruption, because in biblical terms leaven is used to describe corruption: something that comes from outside the body to change its “substance”.
To answer the question I put in bold type, we know because in the Aramaic that comes down to us, Jesus will use a form of speech that shows it is to be taken literally. In John 6, the Aramaic versions use a word that means not just to eat or consume, but to gnaw at his Flesh because it is real food. Nor did Jesus chase after the disciples who left telling them that he meant it symbolically, nor did He make any such “symbolism” claim later to the disciples who remained to explain it as a parable.