The NT cannon was received by the Church. It was comprised of the books which the churches, from which the Bishops who made up the council, had already received and were treating as Scripture, but this was no Fourth Century invention. Among the Early Church Fathers who spoke of a New Testament and a Canon were Justin Martyr who died in 165 AD, Irenaeus who died in 200AD, Clement of Alexandria who died 215AD, Tertullian who died 225AD and so an understanding of the Apostolic writings being Scripture equal to the OT was part of the very earliest Church Traditions.
In 367 Athanasius in his Festal Letter declared the 27 books we now accept as Canon to be Canon, and while there was some debate among the Early fathers it was nearly so much as modern day scholars would have us to believe. For example the “gnostic gospels” such as Timothy, James, Judas were never considered part of canon because they were fakes for one thing, that is the documents did not appear until the middle of the second century at the earliest and so the supposed authors could not possibly have written them, and two they contradicted the Apostolic witness. And the controversy over the Catholic Letters (Hebrews-Jude) and Revelation was not nearly so heated as we would be made to believe.
The Canon did grow out of tradition, but the Church always acknowledged that a New Testament Scripture did in fact exist, it was just not gathered into one document until the fourth century. But do not suppose that this was because someone challenged the Canon for the fist time because the earliest challenge to the New Testament Canon came from the Gnostics with their fake Gospels in the second century and from Marcion who produced a severely truncated “Bible” in 144 AD which excluded the OT and many of the Books of the NT as well, for which he was excommunicated.
So challenges to the Canon are not new, neither are the Gnostic books, and the Gospel, the Canon and Tradition have always walked hand in hand.
Once again, Mark Shea is declaring that the Gospel, the Scriptures, Tradition, the Papal Bulls, the Council Records, are all part of one revelation which has been part of a cohesive whole from the very beginning of the Church. The Fathers and the Bishops and Pope did not secret these things away. In fact the production of a Latin Bible and the writings of the Fathers all being in Greek and the later Fathers, such as Augustine and Thomas, being in Latin, were not to keep the laity from reading them, the laity couldn’t read their own language. But rather they did so to insure that the maximum number of scholars and teachers and students, who all spoke Latin and some spoke and read Greek, could have access to them. It does no good for Anselm in England to write in the common language a document he intends scholars in Spain and Germany and Italy to read, so he wrote it in Latin.
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God Bless