Arabic like Hebrew, started without dots and then developed to include dots. Remember it was the oral culture that was dominate and the Quran was primarily meant to be recited… it then developed to many writing style influenced by the region such as (Kufi, Farsi …etc) …there is also the Qiraat like (Malk vs Mlik ) both meanings are acceptable since they are very related to each other and serve a close meaning…derived from the same root (M.L.K) which means to possess…
I have lived with the Bedouin in the desert who don’t read or write…yet they memorized dozens of Surahs to recite in the daily 5 prayers…the point is , writing and development of the Arabic language started after the interaction with people who speak different languages…it was then necessary to put the Eiraab and Tajweed sciences of the Quran…but many of the people of Arabia were able to memorize the entire Quran and recite it to others…such memorization were recorded in books of Sunnah and the stories of the Companions and the their Tabieeens…
but for the NT,there are manuscripts that include passages not found in some earlier manuscripts…why is that
The aded passages were believed by some scholars to be apocryphal stories collected and added in the margins of the text then the next copyist came along and copied it, inserting them into the text, thinking they were part of the text.
what you are forgetting is that mohamamd himself forgot the koran
Sahih Bukhari i Volume 6, Book 61, Number 562:
Narrated 'Aisha:
The Prophet heard a reciter reciting, the Qur’an in the mosque at night. The Prophet said, “May Allah bestow His Mercy on him, as he has remind ed me of such-and-such Verses of such and-such Suras, which I missed!”
Sahih Bukhari Volume 6, Book 61, Number 558:
Narrated Aisha:
Allah’s Apostle heard a man reciting the Qur’an at night, and said, “May Allah bestow His Mercy on him, as he has reminded me of such-and-such Verses of such-and-such Suras, which I was caused to forget.”
Sahih Bukhari Volume 6, Book 61, Number 550:
Narrated Abdullah:
The Prophet said, “It is a bad thing that some of you say, ‘I have forgotten such-and-such verse of the Qur’an,’ for indeed, he has been caused (by Allah) to forget it. So you must keep on reciting the Qur’an because it escapes from the hearts of men faster than camel do.”
Sahih Bukhari Volume 6, Book 61, Number 552:
Narrated Abu Musa:
The Prophet said, “Keep on reciting the Qur’an, for, by Him in Whose Hand my life is, Quran runs away (is forgotten) faster than camels that are released from their tying ropes.”
and that the koran was revealed in 7 different dialects whcih caused animostity between the muslims. There was no 1 memorised koran and variant readings already existed.
Sahih Muslim Book 004, Number 1787:
Ubayy b. Ka’b reported: I was in the mosque when a man entered and prayed and recited (the Qur’in) in a style to which I objected. Then another man entered (the mosque) and recited in a style different from that of his companion. When we had finished the prayer, we all went to Allah’s Messenger (may peace be upon him) and said to him: This man recited in a style to which I objected, and the other entered and recited in a style different from that of his companion. The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) asked them to recite and so they recited, and the Apostle of Allah (may peace be upon him) expressed approval of their affairs (their modes of recitation). and there occurred In my mind a sort of denial which did not occur even during the Days of Ignorance. When the Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) saw how I was affected (by a wrong idea), he struck my chest, whereupon I broke into sweating and felt as though I were looking at Allah with fear. He (the Holy Prophet) said to me: Ubayy. a message was sent to me to recite the Qur’an in one dialect, and I replied: Make (things) easy for my people. It was conveyed to me for the second time that it should be recited in two dialects. I again replied to him: Make affairs easy for my people. It was again conveyed to me for the third time to recite in seven dialects And (I was further told): You have got a seeking for every reply that I sent you, which you should seek from Me. I said: O Allah! forgive my people, forgive my people, and I have deferred the third one for the day on which the entire creation will turn to me, including even Ibrahim (peace be upon him) (for intercession).
Sahih Bukhari Volume 3, Book 41, Number 601:
Narrated 'Umar bin Al-Khattab:
I heard Hisham bin Hakim bin Hizam reciting Surat-al-Furqan in a way different to that of mine. Allah’s Apostle had taught it to me (in a different way). So, I was about to quarrel with him (during the prayer) but I waited till he finished, then I tied his garment round his neck and seized him by it and brought him to Allah’s Apostle and said, “I have heard him reciting Surat-al-Furqan in a way different to the way you taught it to me.” The Prophet ordered me to release him and asked Hisham to recite it. When he recited it, Allah s Apostle said, “It was revealed in this way.” He then asked me to recite it. When I recited it, he said, “It was revealed in this way. The Qur’an has been revealed in seven different ways, so recite it in the way that is easier for you.”