Smallpox blankets, anyone?
Thanks, but no thanks. I’ll make no ‘blanket’ generalizations. And Wikipedia (not one of my favorite sources but still a good point to ‘jump off’) agrees. . .
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population_history_of_American_indigenous_peoples
Deliberate infection?
One of the most contentious issues relating to disease and depopulation in the Americas concerns the degree to which American indigenous peoples were intentionally infected with diseases such as smallpox. Despite some legends to the contrary, there seems to be no evidence that the Spanish ever attempted to deliberately infect the American natives.[8]
However, there is at least one documented incident in which British soldiers in North America infected native people. During Pontiac’s Rebellion in 1763, a number of Native Americans launched a widespread war against British soldiers and settlers in an attempt to drive the British out of the Great Lakes region. In what is now western Pennsylvania, Native Americans (primarily Delawares) laid siege to Fort Pitt on June 22, 1763. Surrounded and isolated, and with over 200 women and children in the fort, the commander of Fort Pitt gave representatives of the besieging Delawares two blankets that had been exposed to smallpox which infected the natives. However, there is no evidence that the British officers knew the blankets were infected or infected the natives intentionally.
A number of recent scholars, however, have noted that evidence for connecting the blanket incident with the smallpox outbreak is doubtful, and that the disease was more likely spread by native warriors returning from attacks on infected white settlements.[9]
A disputed incident is Ward Churchill’s claim that in 1837 the United States Army deliberately infected Mandan Indians by distributing blankets that had been exposed to smallpox. Most other historians who have looked at the same event disagree with Churchill’s interpretation of the historical evidence, and believe no deliberate introduction occurred at this time and place.[10][11] The Investigative Committee of the Standing Committee on Research Misconduct at the University of Colorado at Boulder reviewed this claim by Mr. Churchill, compared the claim to the cited source, and reported “Professor Churchill therefore misrepresents what Thornton says”.