On the primary question of whether Jesus ever went to India, I would say that that possibility cannot be ruled out. One reason for saying this is that Jewish communities have been living in India for at least 2000 years, if not longer. We might not think about it today, but 2000 years ago, there was significant trade and intercourse between the Mediterranean and India and China, so that notion that some Jews may have gone to Persia, India, or China, is not all that farfetched. It’s conceivable that Jesus might have had relatives in India, whom he visited sometime between 12 and 30 years of age.
Regarding the whole Notovitch story, and the Ahmadiyyah accounts, I don’t see much evidence for the Ahmadiyyah perspective, and even less evidence for Notovitch’s story.
However, I can speculate on how Notovitch was inspired. “Jesus” was pronounced in Syriac as “
Isho”. In Sanskrit (the sacred language of Hinduism, and a language that Buddhism often used), the word for “Lord, Ruler” is “
Isha”. “Ishwara” is a name of God in Hinduism. “Isho” and “Isha” sound pretty close, so maybe this is the source of Notovitch’s confusion: he saw “Isha” in a Buddhist or Hindu text, and thought “Jesus Christ”. (In Arabic, “Jesus” becomes “Isa”, which might have led to even more confusion.)
Regarding Yogananda’s claims of a connection between Jesus and India, allow me to outline Yogananda’s main claims:
- The wise men who visited the baby Jesus were not Persian magi, but Indian/Hindu sages. Yogananda gives several arguments for this view, drawing upon Henry Heras, S.J., The Story of the Magi, 1954: (1) the patristic tradition does not link the “magoi”, “wise men”, with Persia specifically; (2) Israel had trade relations with India ever since King Solomon’s trade with “Ophir” (“Sopara”, on the coast of Bombay); (3) St. Jerome wrote that St. Thomas preached the gospel in the land of the Magi, and we all know Thomas preached the gospel in India; (4) offering gold, frankincense, and myrrh to parents of newborns is part of the Indian gift tradition, not the Persian tradition; (5) Portuguese historians reported in the 1500s that the western coast of India has traditions about Indian kings going to Bethlehem to adore the infant Jesus.
- Jesus went to India to receive the blessings of those sages, blessings meant to further His world mission. The main reason Jesus went to India, was to reciprocate the visit that the wise men made at His birth. And Yogananda is quick to point out that this does not mean that Jesus somehow became Buddhist or Hindu, but that Jesus learned significant lessons from the Indians, without ceasing to be Jewish. The presence of Jewish communities in India could have helped Jesus maintain His Jewishness.
Yogananda refers to Notovitch, but he also refers to two other individuals who tried to collaborate Notovitch’s account: (1) Swami Abhedananda, who wrote
Journey into Kashmir and Tibet, which contains his translations of the supposed “Jesus” documents in the Tibetan monastery; and (2) Nicholas Roerich, who wrote in
Heart of Asia, that legends of Christ’s appearance in those regions was quite prevalent. I haven’t read all of Abhedananda’s translations, to compare them to Notovitch, but what I have read, shows that Notovitch added words that were not in the original document. And, in fairness to Yogananda, he states that the Notovitch document is evidence, not proof, that Jesus was in India.
Yogananda writes: “The great message of Jesus Christ is living and thriving in both East and West. The West has concentrated on perfecting the physical conditions of man, and the East on developing the spiritual potentials of man. Both East and West are one-sided. Granted, the East is not practical enough; but the West is too practical to be spiritually practical! That is why I advocate a harmonious union of the two; they need each other.” [93, *The Second Coming of Christ]
Personally, I think two things are likely. Jesus, like other Jews of the time, might have visited different nations (not only Egypt, of course), and learned certain spiritual techniques of meditation (as we see among the desert prophets and John the Baptist), lessons that do not detract from His Divinity. Alternatively, Jesus may have remained in Galiliee, which itself was a very cosmopolitan region, and other spiritual figures from other lands came to Galilee and visited Jesus, giving blessings for His mission.