Jane_Doe,
In case you ever want to do the non-personal type of research into Catholicism (which is what I did when I became curious and interested), I used such resources as the Catechism of the Catholic Church ( you can find free online copies), the Vatican website, the New Advent website, and for me, EWTN (Catholic tv station. But it has changed it’s programing significantly over the past 5 years or so). There is also a really great DVD series by Bishop Robert Barron (then a priest) called simply “Catholicism”
If you like the more personal touch, then yes, then CAF is a good place.
I think the one of the most basic things to understand Catholicism is what is known as the three legs of it. Sacred Scripture, Sacred Tradition (big T and not little t. There are many traditions and devotions within Catholicism that are not doctrinal, but are little t traditions. The Rosary would fall into that, for example) and the Magisterium (IE the teaching office of the Church.)
And since you are LDS, I would offer a piece of friendly wisdom. Many LDS think that Mormonism and Catholicism are similar because of the LDS is seen as the restoration and the Universal church is the remenant of an apostacy, and thus proof of that apostasy . Truth is, the more I studied, the more I realized that is really more of a myth than not. Yes both have an all male hierarchy and all male priesthood, but the “this is similar to that” really doesn’t hold up if one really understands the different teachings and different traditions.
I’ll give you a brief example. The Eucharist is like the partaking of the Sacrament each week.
No if one looks at the doctrines, the more accurate parallel would be, partaking of the Eucharist would be like going to the temple. IE a personal encounter with the Lord.
The partaking of the LDS Sacrament would be more of a parallel of a Catholic blessings themselves with Holy Water (a renewal of baptismal promises)
Not sure if that makes sense. But I guess what I am saying is that a Mormon needs to suspend their quick and basic understanding of Catholicism in how it is similar to Mormonism because more than likely, the doctrines are haven’t been properly understood