The Canaanites lost no time in substituting carnality for the grace of the Babylonian originals. Both in these plaques and in later ones the female organs are accentuated in various ways, nearly all of them more direct and less restrained than was true of Babylonia . . . . The lily and serpent are characteristically Canaanite; the former indicates the charm and grace of the bearer - in a word, her sex appeal - and the latter symbolizes her fecundity. It was only natural that the Phoenicians would attribute to Astarte’s two sons, named (according to Philo) “Sexual Desire” (Pothos) and “Sexual Love” (Eros). . . . At its best there can be little doubt that there was a certain amount of aesthetic charm about Canaanite literary and artistic portrayal of these goddesses; in the Keret Epic, for instance, the hero’s betrothed is poetically described as having “the charm of Anath” and “the beauty of Astarte.” At its worst however, the erotic aspect of their cult must have sunk to extremely sordid depths of social degradation. Besides being patronesses of sexual life these interesting ladies were also goddesses of war. Anath or Astarte is depicted in Egyptian representations of the New Empire as a naked woman astride a galloping horse, brandishing shield and lance in her outflung hands. In the Baal Epic there is a harrowing description of Anath’s thirst for blood. For a reason which still escapes us she decided to carry out a general massacre: “With might she hewed down the people of the cities, she smote the folk of the seacoast, she slew the men of the sunrise (east).” After filling her temple (it seems) with men, she barred the gates so that none might escape, after which “she hurled chairs at the youths, tables at the warriors, footstools at the men of might.” The blood was so deep that she waded in it up to her knees - nay, up to her neck. Under her feet were human heads, above her human hands flew like locusts. In her sensuous delight she decorated herself with suspended heads, while she attached hands to her girdle. Her joy at the butchery is described in even more sadistic language: “Her liver swelled with laughter, her heart was full of joy, the liver of Anath (was full of) exultation (?).” Afterwards Anath “was satisfied” and washed her hands in human gore before proceeding to other occupations. (See all of pp. 68-94 for fuller details.)