I would like to know your criteria for what qualifies as “making disciples of all nations?”
Here are a few random thoughts:
Matthew 28:16-20
16 Now the eleven disciples went to Galilee, to the mountain to which Jesus had directed them. 17 And when they saw him they worshiped him; but some doubted. 18 And Jesus came and said to them, “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. 19 Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, 20 teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you; and lo, I am with you always, to the close of the age.”
Notice that Jesus is speaking to a small, select group in this passage and not to a large crowd out on a hillside as was the case with many of His other discourses. The Eleven, the proto-Magisterium of the Catholic Church are being given authority and direction.
"All authority". has been given to Jesus, and as the Father has sent Him with that authority, so now Jesus sends His Apostles with that same authority.
"Go therefore and make disciples of all nations." How would it have been possible for these Eleven men to travel to every country on earth at a time when travel was slow and difficult? Given that the last of the Apostles died no more than 60 years or so after the Ascension of Jesus, would there have been time for them to physically visit every nation on earth to fulfill His command? No! And because nations rise, fall and disappear, how would it be possible for them to make disciples of ALL nations over what has now been 2,000 years? Clearly, the instruction of Jesus only makes sense if it was given to the Apostles
and those who would take the place of the Apostles after their deaths. Those who took the place of the Apostles would have to have the same Apostolic Authority given to the Apostles handed down to them. Thus, the “Great Commission” would be fulfilled over time through the missionary efforts of a greatly expanded Church.
**“I am with you always.” **How could Jesus fulfill this promise if the disciples themselves did not live until the end of the age? Clearly, Jesus intended that the apostles would be succeeded by other men who are still with us and will live until the end of the age. Jesus can be with the Apostles through their successors who also have the same Apostolic Authority by means of Apostolic Succession.
The facts of history present us with only two candidates which may claim to be the true Church and to have fulfilled the Great Commission: Catholicism and Orthodoxy.
Which of these two scenarios is more likely:
- Orthodoxy is the true Church of Christ despite being a small, ethnically limited, and internally fractured communion that does not possess the divine institution of the papacy, while Catholicism is a schismatic church despite it being far larger, having evangelized far more cultures, not having internal full communion problems, and having the institution of the papacy.
OR
- Catholicism is the true Church of Christ, and its just-mentioned characteristics are signs of God’s providential guidance, while Orthodoxy is the body in schism.