I’m wondering if the text needs nuancing. Let me explain myself.
In our rule and our constitutions we do have a pasage written by Francis himself that obliges every one of our brothers to avoid passing judgment on any superior, deacon, priest, bishop or pope under Francis’ personal promise of eternal damnation. At first glance it appears as if one cannot use critical thinking and as if it is Francis doing the damning.
However, when one studies what was behind the writing of the admonition one finds that at the time the laity had made it their “job” to attack the clergy at every turn. Francis is trying to protect his brothers from anti-clericalism. Therefore, he proceed to describe the behavior of the anti-clerical movement and to condemn it. It is not he who is dong the sentencing to eternal damnation, but Christ who does it, because as scripture said about Christ and the Apostles, “He who hears you , hears me.”
Francis did not need to explain himself, because the brothers undestood. But 50 years later, Bonaventure had to explain the history to that third generation of brothers who had never met Francis.
Maybe the writer is speaking about a great truth, as was Francis, but it may need nuancing. When Bonavneture nuanced Francis’ admonition it played out a little differently. The brothers may never pass judgment on any religious superior or member of the clergy. They must always obey, even when that superior or member of the clergy is wrong, because God is pleased by their obedience. We know this to be true, because it was revealed to Francis by Jesus himself and the revelation was confirmed by a Bull from Pope Honorius III. However, there is also another admonition it in the same revelation, which is also sealed by the Pope’s Bull. That adomition says that no one in authority may ever command or exepect from another what the Church has identified as sin. To decline is not disobedience.
There is a third admonition in the same document, fraternal correction is an act of charity as long as it complies with three rules: 1) It must be done in private. 2) It must be done by someone who has the auhority to correct and 3) It must be done by someone whom Francis has deemed worthy of correcting others. There is not condemnation of Fraternal correciton. However, for the sake of charity and justice, fraternal correction must be properly excecuted by those who have the autority and the knowledge to do so. That’s going to vary from one situation to another.
For example, we do not use this too often, because our belief is that each of us a far greater sinner than the next person. Therefore, we alway refer those cases in need of correction to those who are better than we are so that they can execute the correction.
This is what I mean by nuance. You have to take what was written in that passage and place it in its proper historicla context. Then you have to decide by whose autority the statement was written. When you put it together ,then you can restate it in a way that is clearer for the 21st century reader. If having done all of this you find that it is consistent with the teaching of the Chruch, then it is valid.
Fraternally,
Br. JR, OSF
