I’ll try to answer. Especially since Rueben and inJESUS seem poised to confound rather than clarify.
The teachings of Islam come from two primary sources–the Qur’an which Muslims believe God revealed to Muhammad, and also the Hadith of Sunnah of Muhammad which is his sayings and so forth narrated by his companions and their followers. Any further “teachings” are pretty much scholarly interpretations of these two sources.
So to answer what Islam teaches about Jesus, we start with what the Qur’an teaches. And the Qur’an talks about Jesus by name (calling him Isa actually.) And it calls Jesus Ibn Maryam, the son of Mary. And it calls Jesus “Al-Maseeh” which is the Arabic equivalent of the word “Messiah.”
So the Qur’an refers to Jesus in basically these three ways: by name (Isa/Jesus), by his lineage (Ibn Maryam), and by title (Al-Maseeh.) It’s not correct to say that “Christ” is a name and not a title, it’s clearly a title.
Now, in neither the Qur’an nor any Hadith literature that I’m aware of is there an exposition of the term “Messiah.” It falls under the category of Arabic language, though, so you’d want to ask an expert in that about the meaning of the word. And I would imagine you would find the same thing as you’d find with Hebrew scholars, basically that it means “anointed.”