Ok, MAterial, and Formal:
Material means pertaining to matter,
Formal means, pertaining to form.
The Protestants of today are material heretics, in that they refuse to commune with the catholic church and hold to doctrines that are materially heretical: The material of the doctrines are heretical in and of themselves, therefore those who hold them are material heretics.
The Protestants of the Reformation, and any Protestants who actively dissent willfully from the teaching of the church; a baptized person who contumaciously denies dogma or certain doctrine after receiving correction is a formal heretic.
With all due respects, this is an incorrect application of Canon Law. The term “heretic” is a canonical term. The current Code of Canon Law only applies to Roman Catholics. It does not even apply to the Oriental or Eastern Catholics, because there is a code for them.
The Code has no jurisdiction over those who are born outside of the Roman Catholic Church. Therefore, the term heretic cannot be applied to them, because the code was not written to address them.
The definition of heretic used by the Catholic Church is that which is found in Canon Law. However, since Canon Law was written only for Catholics, these definitions do not apply to Protestants and Orthodox. That is why we do not refer to Orthodox as schismatic either.
Christians born outside of the Catholic Church are not guilty of any canonical crime. Heresy is a canonical crime. To apply terms such as heretic, apostate or schismatic, the person must be inside the Catholic Church and break communion with the Catholic Church in some lesser or greater degree.
Pope John Paul II made this very clear in Ut Unum Sint, that such terms were not to be used in speaking to or about the Reformation Ecclesial Communities. It was also made clear in the Unitatis Redintegratio. These documents are legal documents that stipulate how we should and should not deal with Christians of other communities and the Orthodox Churches.
Those Christians who are born outside of the Catholic Church are in an imperfect communion with the Church, but are not heretics, schismatic or apostates.
Remember, the rule of law is that you must have jurisdiction in order to apply the law. The Catholic Church does not claim jurisdiction over those who are born into other faith communities. Even within the Catholic Church, jurisdiction is limited to each of the 23 Catholic Churches, meaning that the jurisdiction of the Roman or Latin Church does not reach over to the Chaldean, Greek, Ukrainian or other Catholic Churches. Only those laws that are common apply to all. The definition of heresy and the sanctions that go with it is found in both the Roman Code of Canon Law and the Oriental Code of Canon Law. It applies to Catholics in any of the 23 Catholic Churches, but not to non-Catholics.
This is what the current law of the Roman Church says about Protestants.
**The children who are born into these Communities and who grow up believing in Christ cannot be accused of the sin involved in the separation, and the Catholic Church embraces upon them as brothers, with respect and affection. For men who believe in Christ and have been truly baptized are in communion with the Catholic Church even though this communion is imperfect. (UNITATIS REDINTEGRATIO Chap 1, Parr 3) **
Therefore, they cannot be accused of heresy to any degree, because any degree of heresy is a sin.
Fraternally,
Br. JR, OSF
