The problem is that the discussion of modesty necessarily involves this discussion. I can throw a naked woman in a shower and sell shampoo on that basis easily. No one needs to be told that nakedness can be sexually stimulating. The problem is in defining marginal cases. Say 5% of men are stimulated by sharp cheekbones. Is this enough to justify women covering their faces? What about bare shoulders? etc.
Modesty involves nuance, which is why such issues come up in modesty threads and not elsewhere.
Actually this sort of issue comes up with cases that deal with Scandal as well.
The root cause of this problem, even in the case of scandal, is that our current society is unaware of any collective wisdom and experiences that we can tap in to on how best to act.
So right now, we have two groups
- The group that knows what is sexually appealing and wants to dress just like that to tempt
- The group who is finding it hard to see where to draw the line
Now I think we both agree that the 1st group is wrong for sure. So this leaves us with the 2nd group. A possible solution to the ones belonging to the 2nd group would be to simply turn to traditional values regarding dress. This might be considerably harder since fashions have evolved. But with some analysis, some women might be able to analyze the traditional dress code and extract some plumb lines to use even today.
What is sort of common in traditional values is that they do actually tend more toward the average than the extremes of a society over-time. So things like attraction to cheekbones if not a significant problem, will not be present/reflected in traditional values.
I do not think that tradition in this case should be considered, and am welcome to proof to the contrary. Whether something is modest or immodest should be based on empiricism, since the modesty people reduce modesty (much to my chagrin) to a utilitarian level. Thus, that everyone covered up everything 300 years ago does not inform on any real basis whether that practice was justified or not.
You are correct to a certain degree. Just because a culture has worn a certain dress for 300 years will not make it good or necessarily even modest.
But, if the culture has attempted for 300 years to maintain a standard of modesty, and it has come up with some values as a result of the collective experience and wisdom, those traditions are invaluable. They are the empirical results of 300 years put together.
What we sometimes forget is that cultural values were not invented overnight. They came in to being, not just regarding modesty, but even other things, through centuries of insight. So you are correct in that modesty requires some empirical analysis. That empirical analysis however is found in traditional values.
Or, we can conduct scientific studies and get an actual answer. The downside of this being…? No one has given me any answer.
We can conduct scientific studies on this for sure. In fact, I think many psychologist would probably provide many results on what is and what is not sexually appealing. These are the very things that fashion designers, commercials, or costume designers would incorporate in to their work.
The problem here is that this knowledge is not tapped in to by the women themselves because it has not been recognized that there is really any need to not tempt to begin with. To the contrary, the mentality promoted in our culture is that you should tempt and if you are not sexually tempting enough, you have failed.
Here once again, I think the lack of tradition comes in to play. If it was present, a woman would know how to dress to be attractive and not sexually appealing. But due to lack of any traditional heuristics, she is helpless and might even reduce dressing attractively to having to dress in a sexually appealing way.
So I think you are spot on with using scientific data on this issue. The values of tradition are simply results of a rough scientific experiment that had taken place for centuries. The additional advantage in turning to tradition is that it comes with a complete set of values revolving around other factors as well. Basically, traditional values are the result of an actual large scale scientific experiment that took place.
What happened to us was that with the advent of science, we thought we should just get rid of the tradition completely and even the idea of anything being right or wrong as well.