I want to know what it is, especially in the second example that is more concrete, how it is possible to distinguish a church from another building. What are the architectural queues that immediately make a church look different than any other builiding
In his eye-opening book
Ugly As Sin: How They Changed Our Churches from Sacred Spaces to Meeting Spaces and How We Can Get Them Back Again, Michael Rose lays out the three “natural laws of church architecture”:
Law #1) “A Catholic church must have verticality.” The Oakland cathedral seems to meet this law.
Law #2) “A Catholic church must have permanence.” This is more than just about not placing the altar on casters. It is debatable whether the Oakland cathedral meets this law, because according to Rose, this includes the idea of massing. “The church must be of significant mass, built with solid foundations, thick walls, and allowing for generous interior spaces.” (Obviously the Oakland cathedral’s design is affected by its earthquake resistance.)
But more importantly, Rose then says under law #2: “Continuity. Churches whose design grows organically out of the past two millennia of churches identify themselves with the life of the Church throughout those two millennia and, by their continuity with the history and tradition of Catholic church architecture, manifest in another way the permanence of the Faith.”
Rose continues: “In other words, to convey that aspect of permanence rooted in continuity, the architectural language of the churches must develop organically throughout time, such as when the language of the Renaissance churches permutated into the Baroque language, or when the Gothic forms emerged from the language of the Romanesque.”
He continues: “In both cases, the growth of the language was organic. The style may have changed, as when the semicircular arch gave way to the pointed arch. But here was no sudden break with tradition, no disregard for the churches of past centuries (arches were as much a part of the Gothic language as the Romanesque). Architects built on what they knew from the past, refining certain aspects of the language and developing others…the architect who breaks completely with architectural tradition robs his church of the quality of permanence that is essential to any successful church design. An authentic Catholic church building is a work of art that acknowledges the previous greatness of the Church’s architectural patrimony: it refers to the past, serves the present, and informs the future.”
By this measure, the Oakland cathedral fails miserably.
Law #3) “A Catholic church must have iconography.” The Oakland cathedral fails this law, too, but I’m not going to type it all out. If you want to read why, buy the book!
