First, full participation. This means that every
member of the community has a share in the liturgy.
No one is excluded. There are different ministerial
roles that some exercise in liturgy and these belong
to the very nature of liturgical action. But we are not
to confuse the actual involvement of some of the
10 Pope Pius XII, Mediator Dei, 2; cf. Clifford Howell,
The Work of our Redemption, Stonyhurst College,
October 1953, chapter 5 of Part Two.
11 Sacrosanctum Concilium, 7.
12 cf. Sacrosanctum Concilium, 14.
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faithful in the liturgical ministries with conscious
and active participation of all the faithful in the
liturgy. **No one is a mere spectator.**Second, active participation. Active participation is
both external and internal. First, there is external
participation. We worship God as we are; and, we
are not disembodied spirits. We are body and soul.
We express what we think and feel and believe with
the senses of our body, most especially with our
words.
Our liturgy is the Liturgy of the Eternal Word made
flesh. He speaks to us with a human voice and we
answer with ours. The very structure of word and
response in the liturgy follows the order of divine
revelation. God addresses us. We answer in faith.
With word, song and gesture, all the members of the
community take part in the act of worship, which is
anything but inert or passive.
Furthermore, we take part not simply as individuals.
We are one with the entire People of God, for liturgy
is the action of the whole Body of Christ. Thus, we
are joined to others in our worship. When all are
seated listening to the readings or standing for prayer
or kneeling during the Canon, the community is
bound in visible unity in its act of worship and
manifests the unity of the Mystical Body.13