Your assertion identifies Angels as either non existent or not rational. Which wrong answer is it?
Neither. But it’s a good attempt on your part to begin to understand Aquinas.
You claim that angels have souls. I disagree. And we both point to Aquinas in our assertions.
How would you understand this statement, then?
ST I.54.3 ad 1:
An angel is called “intellect” and “mind,” because all his knowledge is intellectual: whereas the knowledge of a soul is partly intellectual and partly sensitive.
If Aquinas is correct, then angels do not have knowledge in the way that souls have knowledge.
Moreover, in his discussion of angels’ intellectual knowledge in I.54.5, Aquinas makes other observations that lead us to understand that angels are not said to have souls:
“it is in keeping with the order of the universe for the highest intellectual creature to be entirely intelligent; and not in part, as is our soul.” – In other words, Aquinas is drawing a distinction between a rational soul and an angel’s intellect.
"But memory can be allowed in the angels, according as Augustine (De Trin. x) puts it in the mind; although it cannot belong to them in so far as it is a part of the sensitive soul. " – So, Aquinas is saying that angels do not possess sensitive souls. (On its own, this doesn’t prove my point, but it leads us in the right direction.)
Moreover, in his discussion of how angels understand things, Aquinas says this:
ST I.55.2 co:
the lower intellectual substances —that is to say, human souls—have a power of understanding which is not naturally complete, but is successively completed in them by their drawing intelligible species from things. But in the higher spiritual substances—that is, the angels—the power of understanding is naturally complete by intelligible species, in so far as they have such species connatural to them, so as to understand all things which they can know naturally. …
The lower spiritual substances—that is, souls—have a nature akin to a body, in so far as they are the forms of bodies: and consequently from their very mode of existence it behooves them to seek their intelligible perfection from bodies, and through bodies; otherwise they would be united with bodies to no purpose. On the other hand, the higher substances—that is, the angels—are utterly free from bodies, and subsist immaterially and in their own intelligible nature; consequently they attain their intelligible perfection through an intelligible outpouring.
So, whereas knowledge in us is a power of our soul, knowledge in angels proceeds from their nature.
Finally, I’m sure you would agree that Aquinas describes the soul of a human as its subsistent form, no? Yet, in I.56.1, he states, “since an angel is immaterial, he is a subsisting form.” In other words, there is no soul as subsistent form for an angel.
I would also disagree that we’d call angels “rational”, inasmuch as that implies that they
ratiocinate. They don’t – their knowledge is immediate and infused. See ST I.58.3 and I.58.4.