Objective Morals, Free Will, Afterlife

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Richard Powers;3109912]Actually, that was not my point. I should have tried to be clearer. I do not think that a subjective moral good is self defeating. I agree that Protagoras view of truth is self defeating, but let’s look at the argument if we switch beauty for truth.
The very question we are asking is if the moral good is closer to opinions of beauty or is it closer to truth (which by it very nature is universal). That is to say is there really an objective universal moral good? If we look at Socrates objections we see they would not work if the subject being discussed is really subjective and I believe we already agreed that beauty is subjective. If fact if you really look at the Plato dialogue you will that subject has to be truth (or something) related for it to work. The subjective position is only self defeating if claims that something is subjective that is by definition universal.
Beauty again, is more closer to taste. The story of plato would not work if you would replace taste as awell as beauty for they are a matter of opinion per se. I can’ tell you that a hamburger is not good because it may in fact taste good to you. Beauty and taste are subjective but moral good is objective. There are things within this world that are dislike naturaly by all and can not be attributed to taste or subjective reasoning of beauty. Moral objective truth is not a question of taste.
 
Richard Powers;3109988]Science can answer questions about how the natural world is, but it cannot answer why questions or tell us what to value. Science cannot tell you not kill your mother. It tell you some things about the probable consequences, but it cannot tell you what to do or not do or why you should or should not do something. Science can only tell about what is and this raises the is-ought problem.
Let us look at gravity again. Science answers the questions about how gravity works and this in turn tells us why we should value it. We know how human life comes about and can measure it. Many of the reasons why human life occur and the effects that life have on the the world in general lead us to value that life to a certain extent. We know how flowers and trees create oxygen through science and thus we know we should value these things. Morality is similiar.
Also, with science and gravity we can do extremely detailed tests. Newton and Einstein’s theories made extremely detailed predictions that could be repeatedly tested. There is just nothing similar that we can do test whether something is right or wrong.
Cause and effect. If a plant does not create oxygen we could say that is wrong and unnatural if a human life withers from unatural means (i would include accidents as somewhat natural in this case) we could say that is wrong as well. Certain things are universally wrong because they are against the natural order of things. Morality is measured by means of the good outweighing the evil to a certain extent. Something is bad when the bad of the situation outweighs any good. This is one of the ways we determine what is wrong or right. (this becomes somewhat difficult because we have to define the good and the bad and that is obviously very complex so we will just stick with the most obvious bad such as murder)
 
Part of the reaswon we know murder to be wrong is the effect of that action becomes unnatural and creates a perponderance of evil over the good. We can measure this obviously and it will most likely be as accurate as measuring gravity but I doubt highly if someone would be so morbid as to conduct such a study.

How do we know to value human life and that taking life is a morally objective evil? How do we know to place value of gravity? For one thing we would all float away if we didn’t or the planets would be smashing into eachother. How do we know there is objective value in gravity? The cause and the effect tell us to value gravity as do the cause and effect of murder and the loss of life tell us to value life. We treat one as a scientific certaintude but the other as a subjective stance of taste. Murder is murder no matter where you go. Gravity exists no matter where we go. Gravity should be valued no matter where we go and who we are. Human life should be valued no matter where we go and who we are.

Murder and human life are the easiest examples to discuss in this instance. We both agree that murder is wrong and human life is of value. Our analysis has shown that you can get very close to proving, through natural scientific means, that mnurder is universally wrong and human life should be valued by that fact that it can be measured. Like gravity, the cause and effects of murder tell us to value human life. However, this line of reasoning is incomplete and I believe you see this as well. This scientific approach to evalutaing the importance of a human life or anything we deem of value by tests and equations is extraordinary shallow. Murder being a universal moral evil or a representation of objective morality or inmorality is a given. We get so close to it with human understanding but that seems so cold and robotic. What are we missing that would help us understand why there must be something else to this whole issue?

Ill post again after we clarify again. I think some of my post smight be a bit jumbled so lets move on from here:thumbsup:
 
There are things within this world that are dislike naturaly by all and can not be attributed to taste or subjective reasoning of beauty. Moral objective truth is not a question of taste.
Can you give some examples of things that are disliked by all? Are they more universally disliked than the taste of feces or aluminum?

You seem to be begging the question still. The very question we trying to answer is if there are objective universal morals. You keep asserting that are objective morals and that morals are different from beauty or taste, but I am not seeing the evidence for this.
 
There is nothing in science that can tell us to value gravity. Science call tell us that without gravity the universe would be a very different place. But it cannot tell us to prefer the universe with gravity.
 
Richard Powers;3123336]Can you give some examples of things that are disliked by all? Are they more universally disliked than the taste of feces or aluminum?
Falls into a similiar “generalization” like gravity exists everywhere. (even though we havn’t proven it)
You seem to be begging the question still. The very question we trying to answer is if there are objective universal morals. You keep asserting that are objective morals and that morals are different from beauty or taste, but I am not seeing the evidence for this.
Beauty and taste are probably the most subjective thing in this world. Beauty and tatse are diffrent from morals by the very fact that beauty and taste do not matter.

We all like beautiful things and things that taste good. But I’m not going to debate people on why I find there taste in beauty or food to be inferior then my own. (even though most of us do discuss it to a certain extent). This type of conversation does not matter and really has no bearing on anything pertinent in general. We like beautiful thing sand things that taste good but I can not say what is beautiful to you or what tatses good toyou becaus eonly you know what tatses good to you. This is the point your are looking for I believe

However, in terms of morality it is not defined in the terms of the individual per se but in the terms of mankind. Almost all immorality does not involve the individual by themselves but involve other persons besides that individual. Tatses and beauty are individual and perhaps a group of individuals as a whole (wine club) but issues of morality almost always involve the participation of others besides yourself. That is not to say that a majority confers morality but that simply morality is both dependent upon individuals but independent upon their own particular views.

When we as guys are attracted to women we each may find something different about them attractive; eyes, nose, hair. What I find beautiful you may not and vice versa. I will admit that what I find most appealing of the opposite sex is that persons heart and the rest of them is just a bonus.😉 I think we could spend hours trying to analyze why we are attracted to certain feautures but disinclined towards others. Why can so many people agree that many celebrities are good looking? Why are we attracted to certain features and looks but avoid others?

I don’t particularly like mushrooms. That is not to say that they are not good but I don’t particulary care for them. This is a matter of taste. They simply do not tatse good to me. I honestly do not know how to describe it further than that. Its fine that I dont like mushrooms and does not affect anyone adversly in anyway, but if it was my mom’s mushrooms well then they are the greatest thing ever.😉

We do not equate the Law of the land with why we like McDonald’s hamburgers. A lawyer does not get up and argue that his client feels he has the right to steal;. after all some people like pizza, others like to steal. Taste and beauty are personal whereas morality is independent of us.
 
Richard Powers;3123388]There is nothing in science that can tell us to value gravity. Science call tell us that without gravity the universe would be a very different place. But it cannot tell us to prefer the universe with gravity.
We value gravity because of the importance of gravity. (Not that we spend hours out of our day thinking baou thow wondeful it is to have gravity) The value of gravity is independent of whether we decide to value it or not. Even if I choose not to value gravity, this will not make it anyless true that indeed gravity is valued and valuable. A human being is not needed to value something in order fro it to be valued.

Look at children. We could write up an entire list of why children are valued. There would be issues of taste and beauty included ads well as objective facts about helping out with the house work etc. But there is something else that would be missing from that list that we couldn’t quite put into words. When we hold our children in our hands for the first time there is something else going on there. Our passions (love) is telling us that this child is to be valued. Is it a natural instict? Partly. Is it an objective look at this child? A little bit. There is something that we can not quite put into words telling us that this child should be valued. Science can give us numerous reasons why but ultimately can not explain why we naturaly give value to this child. Something unseen and unexplained tells us that this child has value and all the science in the world and philosophical thought will not be able to explain it well enough until you experience it yourself and then you will undersstand.
 
The gist of this conversation is to say that there are many indicators that point us to an objective truth existing. If there is no objective truth than a baby only has value because we feel it does, but we know that to be false.

We can all make a list why murder is wrong but ultimately that won’t answer our questions completly.

Do we believe murder to be wrong because that is what we are taught to believe by society and religion? Are we simply the product of a subjective attempt to objectify morality? Are we just brainwashed into believing that murder is really wrong? Do we avoid killing people because we would be punished rather than bauce we believe it is truly wrong?

All these are rhetorical questions. But I do have one question that I would like answered. Would you think it possible that you could ever believe that murder could in fact be right? (never mind the whole anything is possible stuff)Do you believe that we are simply so indoctrinated by our parents, pastors and society to believe that murder is wrong that it could in fact be alright and what we hold to be true is nothing more than a delusion?

The feelings, emotions and understanding and value (really hard to describe in words) that overcome you when you look at your child for the first time would make this baby important to just you as opposed to your child having importance independent of you. Is your baby more priceless than gold because you say so or is your baby more valuable than gold because your baby is truly more valuable then gold? Does your child have value because you and your wife and others put it there? Would that mean that it someone else would place no value on that child’s life and hurt it, would you really have any right to say they are wrong? Does the child have value independent of what humans may put upon it?

It goes to that age old adage “if a tree falls in the woods and no one is around, does it make a sound?” (Obvioulsy it does)

Do things in this world only have value if someone gives them value? What was the tallest mountain in the world before mount Everest was discovered? The answer is mount everest. Simply because it was not discovered did not mean that it did not exist.

Are we just conditioned animals bred to believe certain things? Are we disgusted at Adolf Hitler because we are essentially told to be disgusted at Adolf Hitler? There is something about Hitler’s actions that not only disgusts are intellect and emotions but are very core as well. We don’t need to discuss the merits of Hitlers actions based upon our own sense of perspective. Iran at thi svery moment is trying to justify the Holocaust and to a certain extent trying to wipe it from the pages of history. To them, the furnaces at Aushwitz were justifiable and even commendable.

Your argument basically says that since ther emay be no way to prove that there is a moral objective state independent of us all then in fact all morality is subjective or at the very least “not objective”. If nothing can absolutley be wrong then everything can absolutely be right.

You seek truth and desire to seek an objective truth otherwise you would not be in this forum asking these questions, otherwise you would defend everything as your opinion or view rather than in the logical manner you have gone about your posting. There is something within you that you can’t really describe that tells you that murdering men, women and children by the millions is never right no matter what someone in Iran may think and can never be justified.

Something within us tells us that there are things in this world that are absolutely wrong no matter what others may think. You being here proves that you believe that morality is not subjective otherwise you would not be seeking this understanding and would simply move on.

Human reasoning can only get us so far. The rest takes a bit more:thumbsup:

Sorry for all the rhetorical questions and ramblings.😉
 
We value gravity because of the importance of gravity. (Not that we spend hours out of our day thinking baou thow wondeful it is to have gravity) The value of gravity is independent of whether we decide to value it or not.
Humans (almost all of them) value gravity because it is essential for our existence. Rocks do not value gravity even though it is just as essential to their existence - same for stars, chickens, mountains. There is no valuing gravity outside of subjective position. All the objective position of science can do is tell you how gravity works. IT can also tell you the effects that gravity will have, but it cannot tell you which effects to desire. There is no value to gravity outside of a subjective position. There is no way to determine the value of gravity (or even if there is value) from an objective position.

I assume by the value of gravity in this discussion we mean something along the lines of the desirability of gravity and not just the Newtonian or Einsteinian equations (which can be determined objectively).
 
Richard Powers;3123956]Humans (almost all of them) value gravity because it is essential for our existence. Rocks do not value gravity even though it is just as essential to their existence - same for stars, chickens, mountains. There is no valuing gravity outside of subjective position. All the objective position of science can do is tell you how gravity works. IT can also tell you the effects that gravity will have, but it cannot tell you which effects to desire. There is no value to gravity outside of a subjective position. There is no way to determine the value of gravity (or even if there is value) from an objective position.

I assume by the value of gravity in this discussion we mean something along the lines of the desirability of gravity and not just the Newtonian or Einsteinian equations (which can be determined objectively).
 
But I do have one question that I would like answered. Would you think it possible that you could ever believe that murder could in fact be right?
I could find murder to right. If a man wanted to murder another man that had killed the first man’s family, I would have no moral problem with the murder even if it was in cold blood.

Have you ever done any reading on pre-Islamic Arabia? Murder and vengeance were the norm. It seems that society had no problem with murder. The same is true for Pre-colonial Igbo and numerous other groups. Certain forms of murder were just not considered morally wrong.
 
Richard Powers;3123956]Humans (almost all of them) value gravity because it is essential for our existence. Rocks do not value gravity even though it is just as essential to their existence - same for stars, chickens, mountains.
The difficulty with this example is that value can not be given nor understood by something that is inanimate. Morality, value, subjective, objective etc. all revolve around inanimate objects or non-human objects and humans, not the value non human objects can or can not give to other non human objects or circumstances (gravity)
There is no valuing gravity outside of subjective position.
Without gravity this world would not exist to say nothing of the universe. Kinda makes me think that gravity has an objective value of its own regardless of our view.
All the objective position of science can do is tell you how gravity works.
Gravity> existence/no gravity> non existence. Existence is objectively valued over non existence by the very fact that existence exists an dnon existnece does not exist.
IT can also tell you the effects that gravity will have, but it cannot tell you which effects to desire. There is no value to gravity outside of a subjective position. There is no way to determine the value of gravity (or even if there is value) from an objective position.
Existence is a neutral good in of itself.
I assume by the value of gravity in this discussion we mean something along the lines of the desirability of gravity and not just the Newtonian or Einsteinian equations (which can be determined objectively).
If existence is dependent upon gravity then that would be an objective good.
 
Do things in this world only have value if someone gives them value? What was the tallest mountain in the world before mount Everest was discovered? The answer is mount everest. Simply because it was not discovered did not mean that it did not exist.
But to say something has value we have to go beyond just the objective facts. Everest’s height is an objective fact that can be measured. We can objectively determine the value of its height, but we cannot objectively determine if we should value it.

We have to look at two definitions of value. Objectively we can figure out an assigned or calculated numerical quantity but what cannot objectively figure out is the worth in usefulness or importance to the possessor. Objectively we can determine that Everest is about 8,848 meters tall, but cannot objectively say what is worth without looking at subjective positions. We could not objectively say whether a strip mining operation should be start on Everest. We could objectively determine what sort and amount of minerals we could find and how much money we could make, but we cannot objectively determine if we should strip mine Everest.
 
Something within us tells us that there are things in this world that are absolutely wrong no matter what others may think. You being here proves that you believe that morality is not subjective otherwise you would not be seeking this understanding and would simply move on.
Or I could just be curious to understand other people’s viewpoint.
 
Richard Powers;3123996]I could find murder to right. If a man wanted to murder another man that had killed the first man’s family, I would have no moral problem with the murder even if it was in cold blood.
Unfourtuantely murder was the genric terma nd there are many levels of it. This would be considered manslaughter because of issues of Diminished responsibility and such. (my fault…i should have been much clearer, suffice it to say that a pure case of murder doe sexist but your example does not fit)

This seems to be the best definitiuon i was looking at for now “Murder is the unlawful killing of a human person with malice aforethought. Murder is generally distinguished from other forms of homicide by the elements of malice aforethought and the lack of lawful justification. All jurisdictions, ancient and modern, consider it a most serious crime.” en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder
Have you ever done any reading on pre-Islamic Arabia? Murder and vengeance were the norm. It seems that society had no problem with murder. The same is true for Pre-colonial Igbo and numerous other groups. Certain forms of murder were just not considered morally wrong.
I think its pretty safe to say that even in modern Islamic arabia murder is still a norm.😦

Just because something was not considered wrong does not mean it was right. Many people believed the earth was flat.

That was part of my point. What we see now is something within us pointing to the correct answer that can not exactly be described but exists party in man and existed most likely in those cultures you mentionedalthough at this point it would be impossible for me to prove but ill try to check later.
 
. Existence is objectively valued over non existence by the very fact that existence exists an dnon existnece does not exist. Existence is a neutral good in of itself.
Why is existence by definition to be valued over non existence from an objective position? It to see why you and I would value a universe in which we can exist from our subjective positions, but how is existence more valued from an objective position? Since the objective position would not have desires or feelings why would it value (put importance on) existence?
 
Unfourtuantely murder was the genric terma nd there are many levels of it. This would be considered manslaughter because of issues of Diminished responsibility and such. (my fault…i should have been much clearer, suffice it to say that a pure case of murder doe sexist but your example does not fit)

This seems to be the best definitiuon i was looking at for now “Murder is the unlawful killing of a human person with malice aforethought. Murder is generally distinguished from other forms of homicide by the elements of malice aforethought and the lack of lawful justification. All jurisdictions, ancient and modern, consider it a most serious crime.” en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder
It would not be manslaughter if the man hunted down his family’s killer in cold blood. All the elements would be met and we can assume no mitigating circumstances.
That was part of my point. What we see now is something within us pointing to the correct answer that can not exactly be described but exists party in man and existed most likely in those cultures you mentionedalthough at this point it would be impossible for me to prove but ill try to check later.
How do you know that this feeling inside people is showing an objective morality? Have you read anything on evolutionary psychology? How do you know this is not something that has evolved in humans? If we had a different evolutionary history would this objective morality be the same?

If there is another planet were intelligent life evolved in a different manner and there was no way to reconcile morality between the species would there be a way to establish which species was closer to an objective morality? How would that be done?
 
Just because something was not considered wrong does not mean it was right. Many people believed the earth was flat.
The shape of the Earth is an objective fact. We have not established that morality is an objective fact.

I think it would help if you would answer how we can directly determine objective morals and how we can test out theories on objective morality instead of using analogy.
 
Richard Powers;3124093]It would not be manslaughter if the man hunted down his family’s killer in cold blood. All the elements would be met and we can assume no mitigating circumstances.
The charge and most likely punishment would hing upon the state of mind of the accussed and the circumstances of the situation. If it was a revenge killing he would most likely not be charged to the extent of crime commited by a man who premediated his crime for no reason at all. Legal definitions are a very ineresting issues and subject to a very broad scope.
How do you know that this feeling inside people is showing an objective morality?
By the simple fact that we naturally try to objectify morality. How do we know that man naturally desires to move? Since humans began living together in groups with a common language they ahve sought to objectify right and wrong. It is as natural as breathing.
Have you read anything on evolutionary psychology?
The concept is self defeating if I understand correctly what you are talking about.
How do you know this is not something that has evolved in humans?
We can only trace things back as far as human history permits.
If we had a different evolutionary history would this objective morality be the same?
speculative
If there is another planet were intelligent life evolved in a different manner and there was no way to reconcile morality between the species would there be a way to establish which species was closer to an objective morality? How would that be done?
We have gotten close by human means but ultimately there is only one answer.
 
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