Once a designer is invoked, all predictability, testability, and falsifiability goes out the window. The answer to any challenge or question can be reduced to, “Because I say it was designed”. Why do we not see modern forms alongside earlier? By design! How is it that other primates look so much like us? Design! Why do humans have vestigal tailbones? Design! Where do we get wisdom teeth from? Design!
It’s not an answer, it’s a cop-out. ID and Creationism are as scientific as those who claim aliens as the cause for every ancient accomplishment.
If the evidence points to design then the evidence points to design. If it points to Chance then it points to Chance. Scientists must follow the evidence wherever it leads, regardless of the theological implications. Unfortunately, for Darwinists, the best empirical data available on Evolution - the studies of HIV, Malaria and E.coli that Michael Behe summarizes in his book
The Edge of Evolution - supports Intelligent Design much more than it supports Blind Chance as the mechanism behind the irreducible complexity that we find in biology and the fine-tuning that we find in the Laws and Events of Cosmology.
The conclusion of Intelligent Design flows from an impartial study of the empirical evidence and standard Logic.
The identity of the Designer is not a conclusion based on the empirical evidence. It is a matter for Theologians to resolve and as Catholics we know the identity of the Designer with absolute certainty.
We must follow the evidence wherever it leads and as Catholics we MUST believe in the Creator so it shouldn’t be that shocking that we would be able to discern the Creator in His Creation. God created Science, by the way.
The question of Design versus Blind Chance is one that must be answered correctly - not just for theoretical reasons but also for practical, technological reasons. Michael Behe highlights this urgency:
"Squabbles about what makes a theory scientific interest mainly philosophers. Does design make any practical difference? If it doesn’t, then why should anyone care?
The question is misbegotten. Although some people value science chiefly for the control it affords us over nature or the technological benefits it brings, that’s not its primary mission. The purpose of science is simply to understand the universe we live in, for its own sake. If that understanding leads to practical benefits, great. If not, that’s okay, too. Science is an intellectual adventure, not a business trip. If at the end of the scientific day we simply know more about the world than at the beginning, our chief goal has been met.
Nonetheless, although a scientific theory doesn’t have to have important practical implications,*** intelligent design does have them***. As we’ve seen, nature plays hardball. A million people a year, mainly small children, die from malaria. Many more die from HIV and other infections. In order to counter such biological threats, we have to use every scrap of knowledge we have. We must understand*** both*** the capabilities*** and*** the limitations of nature.
In recent years, to educate the public about the medical importance of Darwin’s theory, some scientific organizations have emphasized the role of random mutation and natural selection in the development of antibiotic resistance. They are quite right to do so. Tiny, single changes in a target protein can destroy its ability to bind an antibiotic, rendering the antibiotic ineffective. For public health purposes, that’s a critical biological fact to understand.
But antibiotics that require multiple changes are far more resistant to Darwinian processes.
That’s a critical fact to understand, too. Malaria requires several mutations to deal with chloroquine, so it’s a far better drug than ones that are stymied by a single mutation. And chloroquine is not the only case. Recently, former University of Rochester microbiologist Barry Hall examined various antibiotics in a class called “carbapenems,” which are chemically similar to penicillin. 26 With unusual clarity of thought on the topic of evolution, Hall wrote, “***Instead of assuming ***that [the chief kind of enzyme that might destroy these antibiotics] will evolve rapidly, it would be highly desirable to accurately predict their evolution in response to carbapenem selection” (emphasis added). Using clever lab techniques he invented, he showed that, although most of the antibiotics quickly failed, one didn’t. The reason is that neither single nor double point mutations to the enzyme allowed it to destroy the certain antibiotic (called “imipenem”). Wrote Hall, “The results predict, with > 99.9% confidence, that even under intense selection the [enzyme] will not evolve to confer increased resistance to imipenem.” In other words, more than two evolutionary steps would have to be skipped to achieve resistance, effectively ruling out Darwinian evolution.
If antibiotics could be found that required a double CCC to counter, they would likely*** never*** lose their effectiveness.
On matters of public health, Darwin counsels despair. A consistent Darwinist must think that random mutation will get around*** any ***antibiotic eventually— after all, look at all that magnificent molecular machinery it built…. But intelligent design says there’s always real hope. If we can find the right monkeywrench, just one degree more difficult to oppose than chloroquine, it could be a showstopper.
In dealing with an often-menacing nature, we can’t afford the luxury of elevating anybody’s dogmas over data. In medical matters, it’s critical that we understand what random mutation can do. And it’s equally critical that we locate the edge of evolution."