The Roman Emperors (and one Empress) who convened these Councils seemed ignorant of the fact that the Popes had to approve their convocation. If they did acknowledge this right of the Pope it would seem that they would have made matters easier and let the Popes convene the Councils, themselves (instead of perpetually testing the Roman Pontiffâs patience by convoking them independently). Besides, at least one emperor, Marcian, convened a Council (the Council of Chalcedon) against the expressed desires of Pope Leo. This is an awfully brazen action for emperors who were good Christian monarchs and terribly spineless inaction for Roman Pontiffs who (we are told) held supreme power of ecumenical councils. Besides, it should be noted that the West was often the last part of the Church to confirm the council. Thus, while it would look like the West was giving its supreme approval to the ecumenical Council it was actually just functioning like any part of the Church, which, with all the other local Churches, had to give its approval to a council in order for it to be considered, ecumenical. The claim of Rome to be be the final arbiter of councils reminds one of the short boy on the playground always being chosen last for the baseball game but thinking that the players are only saving the best for last. In other words - wishful thinking.
Compare this to the letter of Leo, Pope of Rome to Leo Augustus, Roman Emperor:
âFor in your Majestiesâ communications it is beyond doubt revealed what the Holy Spirit is working through you for the good of the whole Church⌠And hence, since I know you, venerable Prince, imbued as you are with the purest light of truth, waver in no part of the Faith, but with just and perfect judgment distinguish right from wrong and separate what is to be embraced from what is to be rejected, I beseech you not to think that my humility is to be blamed for want of competence, since my cautiousness is not only in the interest of the universal Church but also for the furtherance of your own glory⌠I am very confident of the piety of your heart in all things, and perceive that through the Spirit of God dwelling in you, you are sufficiently instructed, not can any error delude your faith" - Letter 162. Leo the Bishop of Rome to Leo Augustus, Roman Emperor.
Either be consistent and apply the inability to err to Roman Emperors or admit the Orthodox position that acclamations of the inability to err was a common way to laud the strong faith of certain individuals in the early Church and had/has no positive ecclesiological significance. Take your pick.
Arenât you leaving out the context of this quote? I thought the context of the quote reads: âAfter the reading of the foregoing epistle, the most reverend bishops cried out: This is the faith of the fathers, this is the faith of the Apostles. So we all believe, thus the orthodox believe. Anathema to him who does not thus believe. Peter has spoken thus through Leo. So taught the Apostles. Piously and truly did Leo teach, so taught Cyril. Everlasting be the memory of Cyril. Leo and Cyril taught the same thing, anathema to him who does not so believe. This is the true faith. Those of us who are orthodox thus believe. This is the faith of the fathers.â The context shows that Cyril and Leo both taught the truth and because such unanimity of doctrine was showed, the anathema was given. This reflects collegial tradition not papal monarchy.
And the Kontakion of St. Photius the Great reads: âWith garlands of chant let us crown the Churchâs far-shining star, the God-inspired guide of the Orthodox, the divinely- sounded harp of the Spirit and steadfast adversary of heresy find let us cry to him: Rejoice, O most venerable Photius.â We donât read this as saying that St. Photius the Great was the infallible Pope of the Orthodox because he is seen as âthe God-inspired guide of the Orthodox.â By the same logic, neither should use see Pope Celestine as such because he is the âguardian of the faithâ (a title neither more nor less than that given to St. Photius). And you cannot argue that Pope Celestine was infallible because of being the successor of Peter in the Roman See since youâve yet to prove that the Fathers believed the apostolic infallibility of St. Peter (possessed equally by all the apostles, in any case) was transferred to the Bishop of Rome. You cannot use an opinion youâve yet to prove.
God bless,
Adam