Christianity’s schisms are largely the result of political rivalries. The Western Church had a bifurcation of church and state that didn’t exist in Byzantium (this continues to this day; Stalin had a ministry of religion, the supposedly atheist USSR didn’t eschew the Church, and today, look at Putin’s closeness with the Church). 1054 was largely the result of differences in church-state models of interaction. The Church of England split away from Rome over matters of politics, money, and influence. Luther was upset over graft, corruption, and money, and as GKC noted, there were political underpinnings that led up to the Reformation, anyways. In the 1300s, you had the Avignon Papacy and the antipope schism. After Pope Gregory XI died (in 1378), the Romans rioted to ensure the election of a Roman for pope. On April 8, 1378 the cardinals elected a Neapolitan when no viable Roman candidates presented themselves. Urban VI, born Bartolomeo Prignano, the Archbishop of Bari, was elected. Urban had been a respected administrator in the papal chancery at Avignon, but as pope he proved suspicious, reformist, and prone to violent outbursts of temper. Many of the cardinals who had elected him soon regretted their decision: the majority removed themselves from Rome to Anagni, where, even though Urban was still reigning, they elected Robert of Geneva as a rival pope on September 20 of the same year. Robert took the name Clement VII and reestablished a papal court in Avignon. The second election threw the Church into turmoil. There had been antipopes—rival claimants to the papacy—before, but most of them had been appointed by various rival factions; in this case, a single group of leaders of the Church had created both the pope and the antipope.
Therefore, you must understand why many Christians are skeptical of the papacy as an institution. What began as a truly biblical office (Peter’s primacy should be undisputed) over time became a sideshow marred by corruption and geopolitical strife.