I am old enough to remember the military draft of the late 1960’s. At that time, I knew several young Catholic men who claimed conscientious objection and refused induction into military service on the belief that the war in Vietnam was unjust. The several I knew quite well from school experienced considerable hardship as a result, but what they did not do was submit to induction into the military, refuse to perform their duties and expect accommodations be made for them. They accepted the legal consequences of civil disobedience.
The Church weighed in on this type of situation back in the 60’s making recommendations to Catholic agencies and the civil authorities with regards to the treatment of a conscientious objector…
"A Catholic viewing his tradition, the message of the Gospel statements, could validly question and abstain from participation in war or the preparations for war.
The Second Vatican Council, therefore, endorsed laws that would —
make human provision for the care of those who for reasons of conscience refuse to bear arms, provided, however, that they accept some other form of service to the human community. (GS, n. 79)
From the previously stated documents and traditions, it is clear that a Catholic (either in-service or out-of-service) can be a conscientious objector “because of religious training and belief.”
We are, therefore, concerned when we hear that some boards and military tribunals do not recognize a Catholic claim for military exemption by reasons of conscience. On the other hand, we are encouraged by recent court decisions and the actions of draft boards which uphold the primacy of conscience in this regard.
But it is not enough merely to declare that a Catholic can be a conscientious objector. Christians must “make humane provisions” for the conscientious objector and aid him in his “service to the human community.” What he often lacks is basic information about the draft and its alternatives. He meets opposition from those who should, in fact, be counseling and aiding him. Once granted the status of a conscientious objector, he often finds himself in menial and degrading alternative service in order to “test his sincerity.” We therefore recommend:
That each diocese initiate or cooperate in providing draft information and counseling;
That Catholic Organizations which could qualify as alternative service agencies consider applying for that status, and support and provide meaningful employment for the Conscientious objector.
We are not only concerned about the status of the conscientious objector, but also concerned about that of the Selective Conscientious Objector. His status is complicated by the fact that his claim for exemption is not upheld by law. The American bishops spoke at some length in their pastoral letter of November, 1968, Human Life in Our Day, of the Selective Conscientious Objector, recommending —
a modification of the Selective Service Act making it possible, although, not easy, for so-called selective conscientious objectors to refuse—without fear of imprisonment or loss of citizenship—to serve in wars which they consider unjust or in branches of service (e.g., the strategic nuclear forces) which would subject them to the performance of actions contrary to deeply held moral convictions about indiscriminate killing.
In reaffirming this recommendation, we are reminded of the number of individuals who have suffered imprisonment or have left the country because they felt compelled to follow their conscience rather than the law. In a continuing pastoral concern for their welfare, we urge civil officials, as part of a revision of the law as regards to the Selective Conscientious Objector, to consider granting amnesty to those who have suffered imprisonment and give those who have left the country an opportunity to demonstrate that they are sincere objectors.
In conclusion, we encourage clergy and laymen alike, especially parents, to be sympathetic and understanding to those who in good conscience are compelled to object to military service, even if one were not in total agreement with the objector. The Fathers of the Second Vatican Council wrote —
**We cannot fail to praise those who renounce the use of violence in the vindication of their rights and who resort to methods of defense which are otherwise available to weaker parties, provided that this can be done without injury to the rights and duties of others or of the community itself. (GS, n. 78)
We should look upon conscientious objection not as a scandal, but rather as a healthy sign. War will still not be replaced by more humane institutions for regulating conflict until citizens insist on principles of non-violence. John F. Kennedy once said, “War will exist until the distant day when the conscientious objector enjoys the same reputation and prestige as the warrior does today.”**
usccb.org/issues-and-action/human-life-and-dignity/war-and-peace/statement-on-the-catholic-conscientious-objector-division-of-world-justice-and-peace-1969-10-15.cfm