You are missing one other very important one: The individual knows what the church teaches, why the church teaches it, the person’s conscience has been formed (in the sense that his or her frontal lobes are developed such that he or she is capable of weighing all the arguments), and is still compelled to believe otherwise.
If one is compelled against their will to violate their conscience that is one thing. However, if one deliberately rejects a properly formed conscience, that is another, and no I did not forget it. We even have a name for it. Sin.
That is the situation that Blessed Newman was referring to when he said that there was nothing on this earth with more authority than one’s conscience.
Blessed Newman did not tell people to reject a properly formed conscience. Newman stated that the exercise of conscience came with rights because it also came along with duties, namely the work to properly understand God’s law and properly form our conscience. When reflecting on the Papacy in the context of conscience, Newman said: *“The sense of right and wrong, which is the first element in religion, is so delicate, so fitful, so easily puzzled, obscured, perverted, so subtle in its argumentative methods, so impressible by education, so biased by pride and passion, so unsteady in its course, that, in the struggle for existence amid the various exercises and triumphs of the human intellect, this sense is at once the highest of all teachers, yet the least luminous; and the Church, the Pope, the Hierarchy are, in the Divine purpose, the supply of an urgent demand.” *
Long story short? Newman knew that it could be difficult to tell the difference between the conscience which was the “
voice of God” and what he referred to as the “right of self will” which “
thinks of conscience as the individual’s “right of thinking, speaking, writing, and acting, according to their judgment…”. Because of this ability to tell right and wrong being so easily “
biased by pride and passion”, he knew that having an objective standard to properly guide one’s following of conscience was important.