one thing stuck out in your post (i’ll re-quote it, and then respond):
it is also significant that just when many scientists supposed that a belief in a future life had been finally proved an illusion, spiritism, with its doctrines and practices, should have gained such a strong hold not only on the ignorant, but also, and in a much more serious sense, on leading representatives of science itself. This may indeed be interpreted as a reaction against materialism; but it is none the less, at bottom, an evidence of man’s restless desire to penetrate, by any and every means, the mystery that lies beyond death.
what is the author really saying here? Religion, or at least according to the author the christian religion … Is a reaction to our restless desire to “penetrate . . . The mystery that lies beyond death.” in other words – a reaction to our mortality.
I probably wouldn’t frame the causes for religion so narrowly. Certainly fear of death is one obvious motive for religiosity; but there’s the search for meaning, a way to explain things we don’t completely understand yet, etc.
As intelligent creatures we would like to believe we’re not just an accident of nature. In fact religious apologists commonly say things like, atheism reduces us to a cosmic accident, mere intelligent mammals, etc. But what if that’s all we are? Don’t we limit ourselves by illusion?
The fact is atheism, at least intelligent atheism, neither reduces or elevates us to anything. What i say is the only thing we know to be immortal is energy and matter, and we know that because we have evidence. Energy and matter cannot be created or destroyed, it only changes form. So all the energy and matter in our universe, in prior universes (assuming there were any), and in parallel universes (if they exist), as far as we can tell, always existed.
We can say time (at least our reference frame) began at the big bang, but that’s not a useful way to look at it. If the matter that formed our universe always existed, and the space that surrounds our universe always existed, then aren’t our attempts to mark a starting point for time pretty meaningless (at least from a practical and philosophical perspective)?
Dear Yankee I suspect that you have a background in some scientific field; correct me if I am wrong. I kindly ask you if you can elaborate on the paragraph in which you speak of energy and matter being immortal and to continue your thoughts?