May I offer this as a test of Scripture interpretation by the Catholic Church.
Let us take the doctrine of Apostolic succession and authority, and I will quote from the Catholic website,
www.scripturecatholic.com
Under the heading, Authority is transferred by the Sacrament of Ordination, we find the entry:
” Acts 9:17-19 - even Paul, who was directly chosen by Christ, only becomes a minister after the laying on of hands by a bishop. This is a powerful proof-text for the necessity of sacramental ordination in order to be a legitimate successor of the apostles.”
For this to be a valid proof text, there are a number of elements which must be examined:
- Was Ananias of Damascus, one of the 70 disciples referred to by Luke, truly a bishop?
- Was the laying on of hands a “sacramental ordination”?
- Did Paul consider himself anointed by the Church?
One Catholic website has the entry regarding Ananias “He became Paul’s instructor; but when or by what means he himself became a Christian we have no information. He was “a devout man according to the law, having a good report of all the Jews which dwelt” at Damascus (Acts 22:12)”.
Other sources make similar statements but none that I can find identify Ananias as a Bishop.
There is the suggestion that Ananias taught Paul, as in “he became Paul’s instructor”. This is possible, but nowhere does Scripture say this directly. Paul himself said that the Lord told him, “Get up and go into Damascus, and there you will be told what you have been appointed to do” (Acts 22:10). Acts 9:16 says it somewhat differently, “Go, for this man is my chosen instrument to bring my name before gentiles and kings and before the people of Israel; I myself will show him how much he must suffer for my name”. So God said, “I myself will show”, but whether that includes the teachings of the Gospel is not clear. Later, Acts 9:19 tells us that Paul spent a few days with the other disciples before he began preaching.
So, in passing, what are we to make of Ananias’ role in the teaching of Paul? Note that this is not essential to our discussion, but it does show how meaning is often “read into” Scripture, rather than derived from it. Only God is specifically mentioned in relation to Paul’s instruction, though Ananias and the other disciples can be theorised. Would just a few days of human instruction have been sufficient for Paul to have begun preaching, or would it have required Divine revelation for him to have acquired the considerable knowledge he demonstrates in such a short period of time?
We do know that Ananias baptised Paul, but was the laying on of hands a sacramental ordination? Look at the sequence given in Acts 9:17-18. Paul goes into Ananias’ house, Ananias lays his hands on Paul saying “Saul, I have been sent by the Lord Jesus, who appeared to you on your way here, so that you may recover your sight and be filled with the Holy Spirit”, Paul’s sight was restored, he arose and was baptised. Now, was the laying on of hands a simple blessing, a function of the baptism process, or a sacramental ordination as the proof text claims? Based on the long understood doctrine that “unless a man be born again of water and the Holy Spirit”, we can reasonably assume that mention of the Holy Spirit in Acts 9:17 is related to Paul’s baptism. I cannot see how this text in any way relates to ordination, the simple interpretation is that of baptism and blessing.
How did Paul see himself in relation to the Church?
Paul begins each Epistle in much the same way, he describes himself as a servant of Jesus Christ, called to be an Apostle of Jesus Christ, and variations on that theme. This doesn’t tell us much about how he sees himself in relation to the Church. In Galatians, however, he says it differently, “From Paul, an apostle appointed not by human beings nor through any human being but by Jesus Christ and God the Father who raised him from the dead”. Here, he explicitly declares that his appointment was not by or through “any human being”.
This surely refutes the notion that Paul “only becomes a minister after the laying on of hands by a bishop”.
In summary, we don’t know that Ananias was a bishop, the laying on of hands by Ananias was most probably in the process of baptism, and Paul himself explicitly affirms that he was not appointed by any human being.
For a Catholic apologist to offer this as “a powerful proof-text for the necessity of sacramental ordination in order to be a legitimate successor of the apostles” is simply absurd.
Again, as I said earlier, this does not disprove the case for ordination, but it does demonstrate that the Church (whatever its definition in this context) is capable of grave error in the interpretation of Scripture.
Your thoughts?