Hello Edwin,
First of all Luther went in hiding but was protected by the king,
No, by Frederick the elector of Saxony.
Go back and read my posts, I stated nothing about bishops… ** that’s your own addition/ assumption …**…
First I said that I thought you couldn’t be talking about bishops, and you rebuked me for that.
What on earth are you talking about?
What “German hierarchy” members do you have in mind?
though later on they helped and prevented Luther from removing The Book of James and Hebrews from the German Bible.
How? Which bishops? What did they do that affected Luther?
Luther wanted them out, he called James an epistle of straw (not worth the paper it’s printed on) because it went against his teaching on Justification.
Yes, I know that Luther said this about James (it’s important to note that a number of scholars of that era had reopened patristic debates about the canon, though as you say Luther was particularly exercised about the doctrine of justification). But that doesn’t prove that he “wanted it out.” That, to echo your words above above, is your own addition/assumption. What specific evidence do you have about Luther’s intentions, and what did German bishops do that stopped him?
Luther intent was not to leave the Church
Of course not. Nor would Luther ever have said that he had left the Church. Nor did any Protestant ever admit to leaving the Church. That’s not how they saw what they were doing.
However, by 1520 Luther believed that the Papacy and the hierarchy (by that I
do mean bishops, whatever you may mean) were parasitic on the Church, and that the Papacy in particular was the Antichrist. This was not about church government (he was willing to live with popes and bishops if they “preached the Gospel”) but about doctrine. Luther and the Reformers generally identified the Church with the preaching of the Word and the administration of the sacraments, not with apostolic succession in the office of bishop. They defined church office functionally for the most part. Hence, they could in good conscience (though unconvincingly to my mind) claim to be continuing the historic Catholic Church, not leaving it.
He and Erasmus His mentor)
I don’t think Erasmus was ever Luther’s mentor. Luther drew on Erasmus’s scholarly work and championed some of the same reforms, and Erasmus early on saw Luther as someone who would take on the papacy and advance Erasmus’s reform project. But Luther’s key teaching regarding justification is in my opinion only superficially similar to anything Erasmus taught, and Luther and Erasmus realized fairly soon that they were on completely different trajectories.
I’ve been doing some reading recently about Erasmus and war (James Tracy, *The Politics of Erasmus, *1972, and now Robert P. Adams,
The Better Part of Valor (1962)), and I’m increasingly convinced that Luther killed what I’d regard as the reform the Church really needed, which was more along Erasmian lines. Vatican II was a noble effort to restart the project (well, not that there hadn’t been anything along those lines happening in between), but the water that’s gone under the bridge since and the chaotic secular context of the late 20th century has made it a very rough and rocky road.
who had been working to make reform in the Church from as early as 1500, but Luther lost patience.
I don’t think it was so much that he lost patience, but that Erasmus’s kind of reform was never Luther’s main concern.
Some of the early Swiss/South German “Reformed” theologians like Zwingli and Bucer and Oecolampadius would much better fit the description of impatient followers of Erasmus. Also perhaps Melanchthon, though Timothy Wengert has argued that Melanchthon’s affinity with Erasmus has been much exaggerated.
BTW never heard of a civil or secular bishop?
If you mean a bishop who ruled territory, functioned as an elector in the Empire, etc., then yes, of course I’ve heard of such a thing.
Are you perhaps thinking of Hermann von Wied, archbishop of Cologne? I am not aware that he did anything to protect Luther, but he did call in Martin Bucer in the 1540s to work with the Catholic Reformer Johann Gropper (an effort that utterly failed), and was eventually excommunicated.
And yes, I want to argue. This is my field. When I think people are speaking of it inaccurately, I will challenge them.
Edwin