Good question! That is exactly what every Protestant would like to know about the trustworthyness of the Roman Catholic teaching magisterium. How does one discern the correctness of it’s teachings?
That is a Fair Question - Let’s see if I can give you some helpful insight.
Without SOME authority outside of individual interpretation- we must be at a loss right?
Actually This is both Yes and No…
Each person will get slightly different “interpretations” from Scripture depending upon their spiritual formation, maturity and/or what is going on in their life at the time. Thus the Holy Spirit is constantly working with and Guiding us.
The Teachings of the Church through the magisterium provides a basis against which to check our readings and understandings. Thus we have both the Bible (Written Scripture) and Tradition/Teachings, which are nothing more than the sum total of 2000 years of the Holy Spirit Working in and through the Church.
Well how can we be sure about exactly what that authority is? You say the Roman Magisterium, but how did you come to that conclusion? Because they say so? AND if you say you get it from Scripture- this is circular reasoning; for you just implied that we could not discern the correctness of any interpretation of Scripture without an outside source- right?
This is where historical evidence comes into play.
Every faith community can, if it so chooses, trace it’s particular history back to some “founder”. In the Case of the Protestant Churches, each track will go back to one of only a few “Reformers” in the 16th century - Luther, Calvin, Zwingli. At or around this point the track will rejoin with Rome. After all Luther was a Catholic Priest.
Beyond the 16th century there is only 2 possible Churches, the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church. Go back to the year 1000 and we’re reduced to One Holy Catholic and Apostolic Church.
This is tracable through, not just the lineage of the Popes, but through the writings and teachings of many learned and holy men. This lineage goes all the way back to apostolic times. It is a constant and irrefutable history which catholics embrace and while there have been times of danger and sin within the ranks of the Church, the teachings have remaind uncorrupted.
It is this history which provides the “firm foundation” upon which I accept the Catholic Church as Christ’s true Church.
Add to this the fact that the preserved writings of the Church over the millenia clearly demonstrate when and how the canon of the bible was arrived at and settled upon and we have both, the Tradition, Authoritatively Given by Christ and Tracable, and the Bible, Authoritively Given and taught by the Church.
It is upon this foundation that I can confidently build an understanding of Scripture, and of God’s will in my Life.
Seems to me like you are in a pickle.
Not at all - Though I do like pickles - yumm yumm
How does one come to the conclusion (without private interpretation) that Rome is the final authority?
It is a combination of 1) Provable History 2) Evidence found in Scripture 3) Faith
Christ authoritatively told us to take disagreements to The Church.
Protestants tell us that “The Church” is the “body of the faithful” regardless of denomination. Yet Jesus teaches differently.
Consider this passage
15 "If your brother sins, go and show him his fault in private; if he listens to you, you have won your brother. 16 "But if he does not listen to you, take one or two more with you, so that BY THE MOUTH OF TWO OR THREE WITNESSES EVERY FACT MAY BE CONFIRMED. 17 "If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the church; and if he refuses to listen even to the church, let him be to you as a Gentile and a tax collector. 18 "Truly I say to you, whatever you bind on earth shall have been bound in heaven; and whatever you loose on earth shall have been loosed in heaven.
In the above, you will note that the second step involves bringing in other members of “The Body of Christ”. The THIRD step involves thelling it to THE CHURCH.
If The Church consists of this spiritual “Body of Believers” then step two above satisfies the reguirement to “take it to the church”. However since Christ teaches the third step (tell it to the Church) He must be talking about something real, tangable, and authoritative.
Also He did not say take it to scripture, but to the Church. Obviously it was His intent that The Living Church would have His authority over private interpretation.
History (Tradition), Bible (Scripture), Faith, and Authority.
I know What and Where that Church is.
Hope this helps
Peace
James