Hi Janet:
The apostles were clearly given express authority by Jesus and Peter, among the postles was alone given the “keys to the kingdom”. The authority was given to bind and lose, to forgive sins. The gospels further describe a Church of authority that could resolve disputes - this is more than the invisible body, but a recognizable Church institution where one would go. And who would that be? the Apostles, and after them, their successors.
The gospels speak of the annointing of teachers and successors with the laying of hands. The earliest writings of Christians demonstrates that the immediate disciples of the apostles understood this role, and respected authority based upon the line of succession from the apostles themselves.
In fact, the cannon itself was established through this recognized process of authority (it was the Catholic Church - apostolic authority) which was respected in establishing the cannon as were the creeds that we, as Protestants, still rely on (Nicene and Apostles Creeds).
This is the basis of Church authority (according to Catholic doctrine). I’m Protestant (though thinking seriously of Catholic Church doctrine because frankly the doctrine of Apostolic Succession is compelling).
The reformation has led to the division of the body into over 30,000 denominations with different doctrines, yet all claiming to be right based upon the Holy Spirit - this is not the “fruit” we would expect and if the idea was to return to the “original” church - which of the 30,000 denominations is it? Interestingly, the historical and oldest writings suggest it is the Catholic succession of bishops which flows from the earliest years of Christianity. That must make us pause and think.
One can still make arguments for the reformation and against Catholicism, but I don’t think suggesting that the apostles did not have special authority and/or that Peter did not play a special role (given scripture which clearly suggests they, and he did) will be the most effective arguments that can be made.
Blessings,
Brian