Is there no way to reconstruct what the canon was at the Jerusalem synagogues?
The present-day Hebrew Bible, in Jewish use, is divided into three sections, the Law, the Prophets, and the Writings. The first section, the Law (the Pentateuch), had clearly been set in canonical form several centuries before the Herodian period. Unfortunately, nobody knows for certain at what date the other two sections were settled. The expression “the Law and the Prophets” is used several times in the Gospels and the Epistles, but we don’t have a list of the books that were included, at that time, under the heading “the Prophets”. Jesus once refers (in Luke 24:44) to “the Law, the Prophets, and the Psalms”, suggesting that the book of Psalms was not included in the Prophets, but the term in use today, “the Law, the Prophets, and the Writings”, is not found as early as the New Testament period.
The Law (
Torah ): Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy.
The Prophets (
Nevi’im ): Joshua, Judges, 1 & 2 Samuel, 1 & 2 Kings, Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve (the minor prophets from Hosea to Malachi)
The Writings (
Ketuvim ): Psalms, Proverbs, Job, Song of Songs, Ruth, Lamentations, Ecclesiastes, Esther, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, and at the very end, 1 & 2 Chronicles.
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