There are so many issues here.
First. Yes there are transitional species in the fossil record. See:
Here and
Here for some examples.
Second, the only people who think that Darwin’s finches are the the only proof of evolution are people who have never moved beyond badly taught or badly remembered HS biology. It is time for you to move on from that mode of thinking.
Third, I reread HG twice before posting my OP, and I quoted paragraph 37 in whole in the OP. As I read paragraph 36 certainly leaves open the possibility theologically speaking, that God could have granted souls to 2 ape ancestors. However, I still do not have a clear idea of your answers to my questions above:
Okay, so is it essential for them to be the only first parents? Or can there have been other parents genetically speaking? Otherwise you have an extreme bottleneck. Would it be enough that they were just the first two with souls, per the previous conversation on this thread?
Is you opposition to evolution primarily driven by your interpretation of Genesis? If so, why?
For both you and @buffalo, I highly recommend this playlist about
cladistics. Episodes run between ~7 and ~18 mins. It is well put together, and
if you watch all of the episodes to date and
then can provide science based reasons for why evolution is not true; at that point we can continue this discussion.
You can also poke around on this website that is related to the playlist:
https://phylogenyexplorerproject.com/
Right now, you keep putting the cart before the horse. There is no good reason not to recognize where humans fit in in the 3 billion years of natural history where life has existed on this planet. That we evolved is a purely natural phenomenon regardless of whether one believes that God directed or set the process in place. It can be studied through science. All that the Church really reserved to the supernatural in HG was the claim that God creates the soul of each person (“true man”) separately and apart from the procreative act. On this basis, there is no reason to reject what we can know about the natural world by applying our reason.