In the interest of fairness, I propose the following:
- Has the TLM ever been truly declared illicit by a competent authority?
Yes (IMHO)
Except when allowed by indult or by duly appointed bishop.
Either a bishop has authority on these matters within his diocese, or he doesn’t. Since the Pope never over-ruled a bishop or group of bishops, the TLM was illegal with a few reasonable exceptions, such as when an individual bishop (Bruskewitz in Lincoln for example) allows it in his own diocese, or when a religious order (FSSP or ICK for example) acquire the Pope’s permission. In either case, the authority must be in communion with Rome, else their permission is fundamentally invalid.
Interestingly, FSSP and ICK, priestly orders in communion with Rome, legally offered Latin Mass the whole time by the Pope’s own persmission. I hear that their seminaries are usually closer to overflowing than to closing. Makes one wonder, doesn’t it?
- Why was the Latin Mass abrogated? (Even if only region by region?)
Mostly because of politics and the nature of human beings.
Though Vatican II apparently intended for “organic growth” and change, two battle lines drew up fairly quickly around the Mass not long afterward: “Traditionalists” refused to change anything, “Modernists” insisted on changing almost everything. Neither side would give an inch without a hellish fight.
What does a bishop or a group of bishops really do when that happens?
Decide whether the Coucil was legitimate, then act.
A few bishops (Lefebrvre may be the most famous) rejected Vatican II completely. They famously continued on as though nothing had happened in Rome. Ultimately, they were declared to be schismatic and formally excommunicated from the Universal Church.
Others decided the Council was legitimate and faced nasty decisions.
How do you go about challenging people with a Council whose teachings are difficult?
One way is to require everyone to practice “the Council’s Mass”–even if the Council itself didn’t technically write it.
Thus, the USCCB declared the Latin Mass to be illicit except where approved by local bishops.
Now, some will not like this perspective, partly because some priests and bishops did indeed abuse their authority.
On the whole though, I think it’d be interesting to see the reactions to the TLM that Catholics would’ve had around 1590, 1600 or so. Beings that this Mass was still fairly new at that time, I suspect many clergy and laity would’ve complained about it as well.
Change, especially worthwhile change, has NEVER been easy!
John