And yet the First Amendment is clearly intended, as Jefferson put it, to create a “wall of separation”. The intent was clear; to prevent the kinds of religious tests for public office that were a feature of Great Britain at the time. Virtue perhaps, but even among the Founding Fathers there was a diversity of opinion on religious matters. Jefferson was perhaps at the extreme, a Deist who by and large had little time for most forms of Christianity. And sadly, for a very long time, even within that pluralistic framework, Catholics were often disadvantaged because of the belief, inherited from England, of Catholics having divided loyalties.