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I said earlier, we need to keep the teachings of our Lord in proper perspective. Because He was constantly watched by the Romans, Jesus spoke in parables that were easily mis-interpreted by a quick or simplistic reading.
You need to keep in mind a couple of things - one, 2,000 years ago the customs and laws were very different. Two, the middle east was a conquered land, harshly occupied by armed Roman soldiers.
In Roman times, conduct between citizens and conquered peoples was often strictly formalized and controlled in many small ways. As such, a Roman citizen or soldier could chastise a slave or non-citizen, and the slave could not retaliate - that would be mutiny, and punishable by death.
A slave or servant was chastised with a slap on the face with the open hand. This was an insulting blow, delivered to an inferior person or an animal. A non-citizen could be beaten by a citizen as much as desired with the open hand, and had no recourse. Defending themselves would mean death. A blow with the back of the hand or a closed fist, however, was a fighting blow - one delivered between equals, and one to which anyone, even a slave could respond.
Try it with someone. Have a friend pretend to slap you and you immediately step forward offering the other cheek. Look at what will happen based on the positions that both of you are in. Your friend will have three choices: (1) He can take a step back and slap you again with the open hand but that will cause him to lose face because a non-Roman made him back up. (2) He can strike you with the back of the hand but that will be viewed as a challenge to fight because he hit you with his knuckles freeing you to retaliate without fear of being condemned to death for mutiny. (3) Or, he can walk away making his point with only one slap instead of slapping you repeatedly as often happened.
Jesus taught his followers a practical way to avoid being slapped around by the Romans as was frequently the case if you study the history from that area.
Before anyone disagrees with this, I present the following for your consideration. Scripture tells us that Jesus was ALWAYS in PERFECT agreement with His heavenly Father in ALL things. If the Father instructed people to give measure for measure (
as in your “eye for an eye” example) and Jesus instructed differently, then He would NOT have been in perfect agreement with His Father, would He?
“Measure for measure” and “turning the other cheek” are two different teachings and are in disagreement with each other UNLESS there is something overlooked in that teaching. What is overlooked is what I presented above.