Salvation outside the church

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Sing as many little ditties as you want—fire you have placed yourself in a compromising situation. Speaking what the Church has not.
Youre the one with ditties. It was you who said: Bah, Bah, Bah.

Write a little essay on the “compromising situation I have placed myself in”.

Hey, go for it.

Before you write this essay, please identify yourself by telling us if you are a Feeneyite, a supporter of Lefebreve, or you believe in the infallibility of the pope, and the validity of the General Council of the Church, with the pope and bishops.

Thanks.

peace
 
Yes. Even Church Fathers that talk about the possibilities use terminology along the modern equivalent of “I suppose…” Just going on memory, I believe Augustine is often used as an example to show how he was not passing on what was handed to him but rather wrestling with a question under his own power.
Actually, contrary to the impression gained from the English meaning of the word, “speculative” in this context does not refer to “speculation” as though the matter was uncertain. Speculative theology is the Scholastic Theology (theology developed by applying reason to the data of revelation), as distinct from Positive Theology (which is the arrangement of proofs from Scripture and Tradition).

Dogmatic theology since the Reformation tends to consist of a fusion of the speculative and positive methods. That is what the manualists do (Billot for example…and most manualists, for that matter.) They abstract a thesis (speculative theology), explain it (speculative theology), and prove it from the data of Revelation (positive theology). They do the latter because they know that we have all heard the Protestant objections and therefore our Faith may need the support of knowing what data of Revelation supports our doctrines. This was unnecessary prior to the “Reformation”, for obvious reasons.
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GerardP:
It’s from the same chapter of “Bread of Life” by Fr. Feeney

catholicism.org/bread-chap7.html
Does anyone else teach what Fr. Feeney did in this book? It seems filled with misconceptions and misstatements…it is really quite imprecise and simplistic in it’s approach. Unless you really want to believe only Fr. Feeney got it right…I don’t see how one could base his beliefs on what he wrote. Fr. Feeney was certainly fighting the liberals…some who were public heretics…but I think he was in over his head.

SFD
 
Youre the one with ditties. It was you who said: Bah, Bah, Bah.

Write a little essay on the “compromising situation I have placed myself in”.

Hey, go for it.

Before you write this essay, please identify yourself by telling us if you are a Feeneyite, a supporter of Lefebreve, or you believe in the infallibility of the pope, and the validity of the General Council of the Church, with the pope and bishops.

Thanks.

peace

Don’t need to write an essay. You have done that job yourself.
 
I don’t know when you think the Church went astray, but the VII documents were all approved by overwhelming majorities.
I don’t think the Churrch went astray. What do majorities in the Council have to do with anything?
So at least by that time most of the top “Churchmen” held beliefs that you appear to find heretical. (I am speaking here specifically of salvation outside the Church)
That doesn’t affect the indefectibility of the Church. The Church can cruise along just fine for quite a long time with people in high places in error.
You say the Church didn’t do this, the “Churchmen” did. I don’t know what that means. More accurately, I know what you mean by that, but I don’t know how to tell what the Church is doing except by reference to the Churchmen and to the sensus fidelum.
Most actions and rules and governance is by Churchmen. The Church as the Mystical Body of Christ without spot or wrinkle is only in the absolute binding and infallible teachings.
That is, after all, the whole idea behind infallibility. We can trust the Church not to get too out of whack.
The only problem is how do you define “too out of whack?” Is that for your comfort level or someone else’s?
How do you know what the ‘Church’ divorced from both clergy and people, is doing?
I’m not sure what you are asking here. Are you asking about those in the state of grace in Heaven, Purgatory and Here on Earth?
That said, I agree that at times Churchmen twist things to suit their purposes and that the Church went through a very long period of not really trying to teach certain classes of laymen. But isn’t this the argument for the other side, not your side?
We are obviously having a problem with the fact that many on these sites are enthusiastic Catholics but have totally forgotten to take the responsibility of being a Catholic who discerns right from wrong, and will subordinate obedience to Justice.
During a very long period the Church enforced obedience by twisting the meaning of salvation through the Church so that it came to be understood as salvation by obeying the clergy. Isn’t that what you are saying?
I’ve got to keep making this point. The “Church” cannot do anything wrong. The Churchmen in various times and places turned the virtue of obedience upside down and set it against justice.
If not I apologize, but I believe there is a lot of truth in that. Now that the Church has finally realized it must really educate modern Catholics, it is way behind and not doing enough to catch up.
The problem is, the baby was thrown out with the bathwater. Educating the faithful is essential but the Churchmen have let the defenses of the Church drop. We have enemies of the faith within the Church, teaching, preaching and undermining the rock solid clarity of the Catholic faith for a murky Protestantized faith subordinated to modern “rational” thinking.
An important part of catching up is to explain what salvation through the Church really means.
You have to be “in” in order to go “through.” If you’re not “in” you can’t get “through” to salvation.
I think that Vatican II and the later documents did a good job of that.
That depends on what you bring to the documents. For example the phrase “means of salvation” misleads people into thinking people will be saved in their own denomination or non-Catholic church. “Means of salvation” can be primary or secondary or tertiary. Every grace of the Holy Ghost given outside the Church is a “means” to bring people into the Church. But it’s a secondary means to get to the primary means namely, the Catholic Church.
But it seems to me that you are advocating going back to the days when we did not educate people and merely told them that the key to salvation was being Catholic and obeying the Church and that was all they needed to know.
Quite the opposite I’m suggesting that people start thinking for themselves and not rely on unreliable Churchmen to tell them what the Church has already told them.

Theologians adding to definitions and finesseing language in order to blunt the truth is the greatest threat we face today.

John XXIII said that men when presented with the truth would submit to it. He didn’t anticipate the camouflaging of that truth with the ambiguous phrases of Vatican II.
 
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mgrfin:
Cardinal Manning said in the early part of the 20th Century that to call a council without an absolute necessity is to tempt the Holy Ghost.

I hope you’re not going to say the Holy Ghost rang up John XXIII and “inspired” him to do it. Because there is too much evidence against it and Catholics are not obliged to believe it, even if John XXIII believed it.

By trying to make claims that Vatican II bears the same dogmatic weight of Trent or Vatican I is going against the explicit instruction and will of Popes John XXIII and Paul VI who deliberately witheld invoking the solemn Magisterium of the Church.
Your view of the history of the Catholic Church is simplistic.
Why?
As for Cardinal Manning, he died in 1892, years before Vatican 2.
Please provide a citation for that blasphemous statement.
I was off by a few years. I said “early in the 20th century” instead of late in the 19th. I stand corrected on that.

Now. What makes the quote blasphemous? I’d really like you to finally start justifying your knee-jerk characterizations.
Papa John didn’t have to have a special dove appear over his head to justify calling the Council, and like the Holy Spirit had other things to do than to guide His Church?
Well Papa John claimed that it was an inspiration of the Holy Ghost.
Vatican 2 was just as important as Trent. Why, because the Vicar of Christ on earth convoked it.
Why is that so? What makes the fact that the Vicar of Christ, the Supreme Pontiff, the Patriarch of the West, called a council that defined nothing new and purposely chose to remain at a modest level, equal to the council that saved Western Civilization?
Maybe your problem is that you fail to understand the Conciliar documents, or infallibility, or the Magisterium, or the teaching authority of the Holy Father, or his independent authority as Vicar of Christ over the whole Church, or all of these things.
No. That’s not it.
To John, the weight of the Magisterium was in all the documents produced at Vatican 2. None of them is any less than the Canons of the Council of Trent condemning Protestant Justification.
Are you talking about the authentic Magisterium? Or the ordinary infallible Magisterium? I seem to remember someone of great import saying that the documents of Vatican II were not all equal.
Show me one statement of John XXIII saying that this Council was just a party to see his old friends.
Why? I never claimed that he said that. Show me a document where he talked about dogs going to Doggie Heaven.
He expected the Council to solve the problems within the Church and to move it forward, and any documents produced contain his signature, or that of his successors, and that of the Council of bishops, making them part of the Magisterium of the Church.
The authentic Magisterium, not the infallible Magisterium.
Only arch-conservatives argue that what was said or accomplished was unimportant, like Lefebreve, who was to become excommunicated later on. Or that the Pope has no authority unless it is exercised with his Bishops. That’s heretical.
Straw man attacks on your part. Talk about having a simplistic view of history.
Even the grand inquistor, Cardinal Ottaviani was silenced.
I guess that’s always a good sign when the Holy Office is prevented from defending the faith.
The Holy Spirit produced the result intended by the Spirit…,
Yes a chastisement for the members of the Church to bring them back to repentence.
 
Does anyone else teach what Fr. Feeney did in this book? It seems filled with misconceptions and misstatements…it is really quite imprecise and simplistic in it’s approach. Unless you really want to believe only Fr. Feeney got it right…I don’t see how one could base his beliefs on what he wrote. Fr. Feeney was certainly fighting the liberals…some who were public heretics…but I think he was in over his head.

SFD
First, you should know that “Bread of Life” is a series of sermons that were gathered so, naturally the language is simplified.

Second, you’ll have to cite some of the “misconceptions” and “misstatements” that you “seem” to find and we can discuss them.

Third, I wouldn’t underestimate Fr. Feeney. He was a Jesuit trained in the “Old School” and had the respect of some of the best of American theological thinkers like Bishop Sheen and Frank Sheed.

And as far as thinking only Fr. Feeney got it right, I would guess that many Jews in the first century were wondering why a bunch of fishermen thought they knew better than the Jewish leaders of their day.
 
Gerard,

I enjoy reading some of your outrageous expressions, like dubious wording in of Vatican 2 documents. You reject the Council, its documents, why it was even called, what were the results, and on and on you go.

It is as though there never was a controversy about any General Council in the Church’s history. It shows your poor understanding of Church history in relation to the General councils, long previous to Vatican 2.

The Council of Nicea 325 AD was probably our best General Council. We came out of it with the Nicean Creed but, without the Filoque clause. All but 2 bishops joined in the condemnation of Arius.

But keep in mind, Arianism continued, so the Council was ‘ineffective’.

1st Council of Constantinope – 381 AD Constantine granted Arius amnesty, and exiled St. Athanasius, Now if you were around then, tell me how such compares with Vatican 2.

There was seven canons issued by the Council and the Western Church accepted only four of these canons, the East accepted all seven. What kind of unaniminity is that?

1st Council of Ephesus. – 431 AD. This repudiated Nestorius, There is no mention generally to what happened with the other heresy, that of Chilianism. So we have another outstanding heresy which is hardly known, and apparently this must have slipped under the carpet.

Council of Chalcedon – 451 AD. This and all following councils are not recognized by the Eastern Orthodox. So, after 400 years of Christianity, the East and West were already at each other’s throats.

In addition, It referred to the previous council – 2nd Council of Ephesus, 449 AD which is referred to as the Robber Council. “Robber Council”?

So, you want to criticize the Second Vatican Council, and you use these nuanced phrases to described what you are unhappy about this Council. Yet, this is an old story, and what usually happens at such gatherings. But the Church continues, with the Holy Spirit still guiding us humans in managing divine things.

Remember that when people critize Vatican 2.

peace
 
I wouldn’t underestimate Fr. Feeney. He was a Jesuit trained in the “Old School” and had the respect of some of the best of American theological thinkers like Bishop Sheen and Frank Sheed. .
Fr. Feeney was an ‘old school’ Jesuit? Really?

He had a special vow of obedience to the Holy Father, yet, when he was ordered to conform his teaching to that of the Catholic Church he refused, and broke his vow of obedience to the Vicar of Christ.

peace
 
So, you want to criticize the Second Vatican Council, and you use these nuanced phrases to described what you are unhappy about this Council. peace
mgrfin, Gerald brings up a great point about the way the faith is presented in the documents of VII. Would you comment on the following?

Lumen Gentium
16.0… But** the plan of salvation **also includes those who acknowledge the Creator. In the first place amongst these there are the Mohamedans, who, professing to hold the faith of Abraham, along with us adore the one and merciful God, who on the last day will judge mankind"

The “plan of salvation” includes the Moslems. But what is meant by plan of salvation.? Don’t you think this needs to be explained more fully. This is very ambigious. Mankind’s judge** on the last day **will be Jesus Christ. Muslems do not believe in Jesus Christ so why even make this statement?

Decree on Ecumenism
“It follows that the separated Churches and Communities as such, though we believe them to be deficient in some respects, have been **by no means deprived of significance and importance in the mystery of salvation. For the Spirit of Christ has not refrained from using them as means of salvation **which derive their efficacy from the very fullness of grace and truth entrusted to the Church”

What is meant by “means of salvation”? Again this is not fully explained. I have read in other sections of this forum, protestants using this very statement to show why they do not need to convert to the Catholic Church becasue they have the “means of salvation”

Nostra aetate #2 “ In Buddhism…a way is taught whereby those with a devout and trustful spirit** may be able to reach**….the highest illumination”….the Catholic Church **rejects nothing **that is true and holy in these religions

How can a pagan religion reach the 'highest illumination?"
Holiness can only come from the One True God. What is “holy” in a pagan religion?

Nostra Aetate:
“Upon the Muslims, too, the church looks with esteem. They adore one God, living and enduring, merciful and all-powerful, Maker of heaven and earth and Speaker to men… Though they do not acknowledge Jesus as God, they revere Him as a prophet.”

Why look with “esteem” on a religion that does not acknowledge Jesus Christ?
 

Well I guess “Blah, Blah, Blah” is supposed to make up for the way you continue to put words in the Church’s mouth.
The Church is not condemning me for schism, heresy, or apostacy.

You’re just a heckler from the sidelines from what I can see.

peace
 
mgrfin, ]
The documents have to be taken in context. The Conciliar bishops had the opportunity to change the language if they didn’t like it, or vote it down. What did they do? They approved it.

So now you want me to vote it down?

It is the same old Traditionalist condemnation of Vatican 2.
The Traditionalists don’t like Conciliar documents. That’s really a matter for the Roman Pontiff to straighten out.

Been there, done that. What hais some old retired theologian in Long Beach got to add to any of this crying about Vatican 2?

Maybe if the Traditionalist stop complaining, and want to roll back the clock to when? to what century would it make them happy?

Our bests times were 325 AD? Can’t do that, since Constantine might exile us. Or, how about after the Council of Trent?

Or Vatican I? Oh, no, we can’t do that since we get embroiled in a controversy about Infallibility.

I can go to some Traditionalist website with all sorts of criticisms of Vatican 2. I can read up on Fr. Feeney to repeat some of his hangups, or Archbishop Lefebre’s writings. Of course, I’d have to comb out some of their outrageous statements first before presenting their ‘position’.

Take the documents as they are. Pray to the Holy Spirit for enlightenment in reading them, and pray for Unity.

BTW, I haven’t read any great points Gerald brings up. I forget: which renegade from the Catholic Church is he defending today?

Gerald is that ‘christian’ who wants ‘to nail my tail to the wall’.
I really hope he is not a Catholic. He certainly doesn’t act like one.

Some Protestants will say anything - so will some Catholics - the Feeneyits, the ultra conservatives, the Lefebrevites, the Sedevacantists, etc., etc.

Don’t you believe in the infallibility of the Bishops, meeting in concert in Council called by the Holy Roman Pontiff, all speaking as one? Speaking in Conciliar documents, approved by the Holy Roman Pontiff, the Vicar of Christ on earth? (No, excepting Cardinal Ottaviani). You don’t believe in that? What does that make you?

peace
 
Fr. Feeney was an ‘old school’ Jesuit? Really?
Yes.
He had a special vow of obedience to the Holy Father, yet, when he was ordered to conform his teaching to that of the Catholic Church he refused, and broke his vow of obedience to the Vicar of Christ.
Again, you seem to want to hide behind legalisms and distort the facts.

Do you think a vow to the Vicar of Christ means that he has to tolerate the orders of a non-infallible bishop to stop believing an infallible doctrine?

Do you believe that obedience is subordinate to justice or is servility proper obedience to you?
 
Gerard,

I enjoy reading some of your outrageous expressions, like dubious wording in of Vatican 2 documents.
Wow. I’m so psyched out by your belittling comments. I’m crumbling before your onslaught.
You reject the Council, its documents, why it was even called, what were the results, and on and on you go.
Here’s another of your favorite tactics. You tell me what I do. Since you don’t have facts on your side, it seems tossing out an accusation is all you have left.
It is as though there never was a controversy about any General Council in the Church’s history.
And one is supposed to assume that the controversy that Vatican II provoked is the same as Trent or Lateran IV? That’s quite a tautological argument.
It shows your poor understanding of Church history in relation to the General councils, long previous to Vatican 2.
Oh of course. Because you say so.
The Council of Nicea 325 AD was probably our best General Council.
Wait…what’s this? We have a “best” council? I thought all councils are the same!

Guess what? If we have a best one, we’ve got a worst one. And it was Vatican II.

1st Council of Constantinope – 381 AD Constantine granted Arius amnesty, and exiled St. Athanasius,

Now if you were around then, tell me how such compares with Vatican 2.

Sounds like the language was pretty clear in those councils. They didn’t stop anathematizing in those councils. They didn’t give wide permissions to the local ordinaries to tinker with sacred things while not setting any clear boundaries.
So, you want to criticize the Second Vatican Council, and you use these nuanced phrases to described what you are unhappy about this Council.
So? What’s wrong with demanding that the bishops and Pope start defining the boundaries that they didn’t define at Vatican II?
Yet, this is an old story, and what usually happens at such gatherings.
The Councils usually take a clear stand and say, “If you believe this, you are right. If you reject it, you’re out.”

And ultimately John XXIII’s stated mission for the council to present Catholic teaching in the language that modern man would understand was a complete failure. Liberals take things one way, Conservatives another.
 
The documents have to be taken in context. The Conciliar bishops had the opportunity to change the language if they didn’t like it, or vote it down. What did they do? They approved it.
Lots of politics behind the scenes. Lots of compromising, lots of half-loaves and lots of time bombs in the documents.
It is the same old Traditionalist condemnation of Vatican 2.
The Traditionalists don’t like Conciliar documents. That’s really a matter for the Roman Pontiff to straighten out.
Why should the Roman Pontiff have to straighten it out? Aren’t the documents themselves clearly representing the “Springtime” of Vatican II? The one that JPII talked about and that Pope Benedict feels has not been implemented yet.
Been there, done that. What hais some old retired theologian in Long Beach got to add to any of this crying about Vatican 2?
Sarcasm, Calumny, falsehoods, straw men, fallacious arguments, loaded language, bad history, bad philosophy.
Maybe if the Traditionalist stop complaining, and want to roll back the clock to when? to what century would it make them happy?
Spoken like a true progressive.
I can go to some Traditionalist website with all sorts of criticisms of Vatican 2. I can read up on Fr. Feeney to repeat some of his hangups, or Archbishop Lefebre’s writings. Of course, I’d have to comb out some of their outrageous statements first before presenting their ‘position’.
You mean you’d have to misrepresent their statements.
Take the documents as they are. Pray to the Holy Spirit for enlightenment in reading them, and pray for Unity.
With no context in knowing the Catholic faith? That’s why many Jewish leaders are upset with the rewrite of the prayer for conversion by Pope Benedict. They thought Vatican II stopped the need for conversion as if that were possible.
BTW, I haven’t read any great points Gerald brings up.
Maybe you should. Ignoring them won’t help you.
I forget: which renegade from the Catholic Church is he defending today?
The ones that hold the Catholic faith. Not Hans Kung.
Gerald is that ‘christian’ who wants ‘to nail my tail to the wall’.
I really hope he is not a Catholic. He certainly doesn’t act like one.
No. Gerard is that part of the Church Militant that won’t let you lie about archbishop LeFebvre unchallenged. The fact that you can’t get over it shows how “Militant” you are in your exercise of the faith.
Some Protestants will say anything - so will some Catholics - the Feeneyits, the ultra conservatives, the Lefebrevites, the Sedevacantists, etc., etc.
You forgot to add yourself to that list.
Don’t you believe in the infallibility of the Bishops, meeting in concert in Council called by the Holy Roman Pontiff, all speaking as one?
Was the schedule on lunchtime guided by the Holy Ghost as well? It’s not just 'who says it" it’s “how they say it” that matters.
Speaking in Conciliar documents, approved by the Holy Roman Pontiff, the Vicar of Christ on earth? (No, excepting Cardinal Ottaviani). You don’t believe in that? What does that make you?
I know you like to keep things vague since the details work against you. But what exactly of Catholic teaching am I bound to accept in Vatican II that wasn’t already expressed by the ordinary Magisterium prior to the Council?
 
Yes.

Again, you seem to want to hide behind legalisms and distort the facts.

Do you think a vow to the Vicar of Christ means that he has to tolerate the orders of a non-infallible bishop to stop believing an infallible doctrine?

Do you believe that obedience is subordinate to justice or is servility proper obedience to you?
You apparently know little about the Jesuits. You haven’t read much of Ignatius Loyola. You don’t know of Jesuits who had their theology down pat, but when they were told to ‘shut up’, and obey the Holy Father, guess what they did. They obeyed.

It is a special kind of vow for Jesuits.

Who is this non-infallible bishop you are talking about? When a Jesuit’s Superior says ‘submit’, you submit, else, pack your bags.
You can keep believing your ‘infallible doctrine’ but you keep your mouth shut. For Jesuits, justice is subordinate to obedience.

peace
 
I know you like to keep things vague since the details work against you. But what exactly of Catholic teaching am I bound to accept in Vatican II that wasn’t already expressed by the ordinary Magisterium prior to the Council?
Gee, Trent taught new doctrine? Is that what you are saying? Or that we didn’t need Vatican II because it was all said before somewhere else. That’s what you saying? What exactly are you saying? You don’t quite get it, do you?

Vatican 2 was infallible? No? Then what were the doctrinal errors of this General Council of the Roman Catholic Church? And these errors - they were made by the Holy Roman Bishop? Or they were errors of the body of bishops acting in concert and in communion with the Vicar of Christ on earth?

You are the one doing the hiding. Come out and tell us that the Roman Catholic Church is in hersy since the end of Vat 2, if that is what you believe. State that you believe that the Holy Spirit is not guiding the Church of our Lord Jesus Christ, if that is what you believe.

Frankly, I just tired of your crying and complaining against the Holy Spirit.

Are you a Sedevacantist? Are you a heretic? Are you even a Roman Catholic? Do you believe? Do you practice your religion, or do you just criticize?

Or, do you believe that the Holy Spirit guided the Church through the Vatican II Council?

Maybe you are an agnostic, and you hate the Catholic Church, and the rest is all an act?

Do you believe that Benedict XVI is the Vicar of Christ on earth?

You certainly don’t act like a believer. I can’t see in you any faith, or any charity.

peace
 
It is the same old Traditionalist condemnation of Vatican 2.
The Traditionalists don’t like Conciliar documents. That’s really a matter for the Roman Pontiff to straighten out.

Been there, done that. What hais some old retired theologian in Long Beach got to add to any of this crying about Vatican 2?

Take the documents as they are. Pray to the Holy Spirit for enlightenment in reading them, and pray for Unity.
Don’t you believe in the infallibility of the Bishops, meeting in concert in Council called by the Holy Roman Pontiff, all speaking as one? Speaking in Conciliar documents, approved by the Holy Roman Pontiff, the Vicar of Christ on earth? (No, excepting Cardinal Ottaviani). You don’t believe in that? What does that make you?
I don’t know what to think. The Holy Spirit is not ambiguous. Yet I read the documents as" not wanting to offend." The docmuents are exactly like the homilies that I hear at Masses of the Ordinary Form, very passive and intentionally non-offensive. Teaching what the Church really believes is avoided.

All I am asking is for you, since you have a theology degree, to explain, in your opinion, why that language was chosen and then tell me why it is not ambiguous.
What was wrong with the way the Church spoke for 2,000 years?

Pope John said doctrine would be presented in a different way. All I am asking is your opinion of why it had to be presented differently. Is “modern man” so advanced that he is incapable of understanding the way doctrine was previously explained?

OPENING SPEECH FOR COUNCIL OF VATICAN II
POPE JOHN XXIII
OCTOBER 11, 1962
11.

Opening address ourladyswarriors.org/teach/v2open.htm
“The greatest concern of the Ecumenical Council is this: that the sacred deposit of Christian doctrine should be guarded and taught more efficaciously…The salient point of this Council is not, therefore, a discussion of one article or another of the fundamental doctrine of the Church which has repeatedly been taught by the Fathers and by ancient and modern theologians, and which is presumed to be well known and familiar to all.
For this a Council was not necessary… The substance of the ancient doctrine of the deposit of faith is one thing, and the way in which it is presented is another. And it is the latter that must be taken into great consideration with patience if necessary, everything being measured in the forms and proportions of a Magisterium which is predominantly pastoral in character…The Church has always opposed these errors. Frequently she has condemned them with the greatest severity. Nowadays however, the Spouse of Christ prefers to make use of the
medicine of mercy rather than that of severity
…the Catholic Church, raising the torch of religious truth by means of this Ecumenical Council, desires to show herself to be the loving mother of all, benign, patient, full of mercy and goodness toward the brethren who are separated from her.”
 
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