If he is proven a pertinacious heretic by the proper authorities, he would not then be pope according to Bellarmine’s theological opinion because a formal heretic is by nature outside the Church and thus can have no jurisdiction in the Church. In such a case, he can claim no obedience from you.
Maria
And yet there is no “proper authority” that can judge the pope because he is the ultimate court of appeals. An ecumenical council cannot sit in judgment on a pope because it only acts authoritatively when done in communion with him - do we really expect an errant pope to condemn himself? The curia can’t condemn the pope for the same reason of its authority being tied to his. Bishops have no extraordinary authority, which leaves us only with the ordinary magisterium, but that magisterium does not produce “authoritative documents” of the sort that produce binding sentences against individuals.
Any decent theology library will have a copy of Franzelin on Divine Scripture and Tradition. He was Pius IX’s papal theologian at the Vatican Council. His book was an explanation of the teaching of the Church on the transmission of true doctrine. He teaches that popes are infallible even when not speaking solemnly. He teaches that the Church is infallible in her universal laws, her liturgy, etc. He also teaches that even when a pope is not speaking infallibly, his teachings are infallibly safe. That is, they will never constitute a danger to the faithful. This is all in Franzelin. This is also found in Billot.
Yours,
Gorman
And this is why the sedevacantists can’t argue that we have true popes who just preach and discipline in a bad way - the evil wrought by the recent popes is, in their eyes, sufficient to prove they were not popes. But this is where I think sedevacantism stands or falls. We need a way to tell whether a person is really pope. I think there would be legitimate grounds for doubting an individual’s claim to the papacy, but I don’t think heresy is one of them (St. Robert’s opinion notwithstanding).
I don’t think the charge of heresy pans out because I think the principle is such as to vitiate the protection granted the Church by papal infallibility. Why? Well, let’s say the charge is that a heretic, even a secret one, cannot be pope. If being a secret heretic were an impediment to being pope we would have
absolutely no way of knowing whether a single “pope’s” actions and teachings had actually been part of the papal magisterium. Papal infallibility doesn’t do us much good if we have absolutely no guarantee that the person we believe to be pope actually is.
If we modify the claim, however, to say that
manifest heretics cannot be pope, I don’t really know if we’re doing that much better. Sure, it has gained some ground because now we at least have to have heard the pope attesting to his heresy - but do we have anyone competent of actually judging the pope? There is no authority in the Church that can pass judgment on a sitting pontiff (he can always appeal to the pope - who would be himself), though so what is to be done. We could say we don’t need an official condemnation, but then we seem to be at the point where it is up to individuals to decide whether or not the pope is a heretic, in which case papal infallibility appears again to be of no avail, since those who disagree with the pope can simply side-step it by accusing him of heresy.