If you have never heard of a topic by the time you are confirmed, where are you going to hear it? If it is not appropriate for small children, it can hardly be talked about in a homily.
As a catechist, I used to worry a lot about this too – feeling like I have to teach everything about the faith before Confirmation, because they won’t learn it later.
I no longer feel quite the same way. I have come to realize that as a catechist, I can only do so much. I think it is more important to teach them how to learn about their faith, where to find solid answers, and get them interested in continuing to learn, rather than trying to cover everything they will ever need to know.
No, the bishop has to take the trouble to make sure the person to be confirmed is prepared, which includes suitable instruction. The pastor is normally the person who vouches for the preparedness of each candidate.
Here is what the code of canon law says about those to be confirmed:
http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/__P33.HTM
One of the requirements is that the person be “suitably instructed,” and it says that “Parents and pastors of souls, especially pastors of parishes, are to take care that the faithful are properly instructed to receive the sacrament and come to it at the appropriate time.” So you are right about the responsibility of the bishop or pastor, but I would still emphasize the role of parents, since the church elsewhere says that parents are the primary educators of their children.
Canon law also says: “The sacrament of confirmation is to be conferred on the faithful at about the age of discretion unless the conference of bishops has determined another age, or there is danger of death, or in the judgment of the minister a grave cause suggests otherwise.”
In other words, the
norm is for Confirmation to be conferred around seven years old. (However, this is not the norm in the United States, with the exception of a few dioceses – for example, see
this article). So I think there could be some question whether “suitably instructed” must include teaching about sexual morality, since that instruction would not be suitable in the case of a seven-year-old being confirmed.
In conclusion, I would question the idea that a Confirmation candidate must “receive the rudiments of instruction that are necessary to practice the faith in adulthood,” as you stated earlier. This statement seems to imply that Confirmation is like a graduation from learning about the faith. I think that a better approach is to find ways to keep teens and young adults learning after Confirmation, rather than trying to cram in everything they need to know by the end of 8th or 9th grade.
But I
am in favor of teaching Catholic sexual morality. I am a catechist for teenage students, and I teach Catholic sexual morality to these students.