I have never before read Luther’s 95 Theses. But today I took time to see what he said. Keeping in mind the timing and how he had already reported the abuses to no avail, you can still see that he did not reject true teachings of the church, but rather these abuses that led people to sin freely and neglect their Christian duties without consequence simply through the purchase of indulgences.
- They preach man who say that so soon as the penny jingles into the money-box, the soul flies out [of purgatory].
- It is certain that when the penny jingles into the money-box, gain and avarice can be increased, but the result of the intercession of the Church is in the power of God alone.
- Who knows whether all the souls in purgatory wish to be bought out of it, as in the legend of Sts. Severinus and Paschal.
- No one is sure that his own contrition is sincere; much less that he has attained full remission.
- Rare as is the man that is truly penitent, so rare is also the man who truly buys indulgences, i.e., such men are most rare. (here Luther does not deny indulgences, but connects the importance of repentence)
- They will be condemned eternally, together with their teachers, who believe themselves sure of their salvation because they have letters of pardon.
- Men must be on their guard against those who say that the pope’s pardons are that inestimable gift of God by which man is reconciled to Him;
- For these “graces of pardon” concern only the penalties of sacramental satisfaction, and these are appointed by man.
- They preach no Christian doctrine who teach that contrition is not necessary in those who intend to buy souls out of purgatory or to buy confessionalia. (here Luther is complaining about those who teach contrary to the Church)
- Every truly repentant Christian has a right to full remission of penalty and guilt, even without letters of pardon.
- Every true Christian, whether living or dead, has part in all the blessings of Christ and the Church; and this is granted him by God, even without letters of pardon.
- Nevertheless, the remission and participation [in the blessings of the Church] which are granted by the pope are in no way to be despised, for they are, as I have said, the declaration of divine remission. this is a declaration that Luther believes the church teaching on pardons
- It is most difficult, even for the very keenest theologians, at one and the same time to commend to the people the abundance of pardons and [the need of] true contrition.
- True contrition seeks and loves penalties, but liberal pardons only relax penalties and cause them to be hated, or at least, furnish an occasion [for hating them].
- Apostolic pardons are to be preached with caution, lest the people may falsely think them preferable to other good works of love. a good and true point
- Christians are to be taught that the pope does not intend the buying of pardons to be compared in any way to works of mercy. Luther defends that the pope does not…
- Christians are to be taught that he who gives to the poor or lends to the needy does a better work than buying pardons; .…but that good works are still required…
- Because love grows by works of love, and man becomes better; but by pardons man does not grow better, only more free from penalty.
45.Christians are to be taught that he who sees a man in need, and passes him by, and gives [his money] for pardons, purchases not the indulgences of the pope, but the indignation of God.
…and indulgences do not buy away neglecting to do good
Under these circumstances, the pope’s reaction to Luther is odd if he was not involve in the abuse of selling God’s forgiveness.
Everything I read Luther wrote on this subject demonstrates his disgust with the practices of people buying away their sins instead of seeking true repentance.